Nota Bene: Some of the required films may be availabe for free on UF's Kanopy. Others may be in Library West on DVD or blu-ray. If not, you'll have to find them online somewhere or purchase a disc.

Sound Design , Sound Mixing, and Souund Editing Basics:

Silence (during dialogue; unheard dialogue (see the tarmack scene in Alfred Hitchcock's North by Northwest; whispered words in some's ear we never hear); lip reading (see Hitchcock Blackmail, 1928)

Diegetic sound (dialogue; ambient sounds; music matched to musician(s) and / or singers or a record player, or tape player, or telephone recording machine; or ipod etc synchronized to the sound, usually music; see the record players in Lonesome, Blue Gardenia, Journey into Fear; Nightmare Alley; A Nous la liberte; Shutter Island; and see the tape player in Apocalypse Now)

Extra-diegetic sound: music and dialogue (voice-overs)

Music (lowered volume for dialogue; montage; title sequences

Noise (non-melodic music; screams; shouts; animal sounds; grunts; and special effects)

Sound editing (matching or mistaching sound to image(s) for narrative purposes:

Synchronization (dialogue; matching a cut to a sound, often conspicuously so in action film trailers and sometimes aligned with color like this one for Red Sparrow)

Watching the same scene or entire film twice in a row.

The history of film is always divided into silent and sound (circa, 1929).

The Chromatics' music video, "Shadow (I took your picture from the frame)"

The Chromatics' Cherry album version of "Shadow (Take Me Down)"

SOUNDLESS SPEECH | WORDLESS WRITING: LANGUAGE AND GERMAN SILENT CINEMA

Crackling Campfire on the Windy Tundra of Norway (HD)

Paolo Cherchi Uschai, Silent Cinema: An Introduction Chapter Three on "The Ethics of Film Preservation," pp. 44-76

Musicology

0. Counterpoint ; Sonata ; Bach / Mozart ; melody / harmony

Light music. Background Music. "Easy" listening.

Music

GCSE Music topics including elements of music, music appreciation, classical orchestral music, music for dance, contemporary music and world music.

1. Leitmotif as cinematic "theme":

Tristan und Isolde vs. the love theme from Alfred Hitchcock's Vertigo (1958)

Theodor Adomo and Hanns Eisler, Composing for the Films, pp. 3-31; 54-61; 65-79.

Integrated Leitmotifs. The Rhine Journey in Die Gotterdammerung--includes quotations of the fire music in Die Walkure; prelude in Das Rheingold; and Siegfriend's Death March

Richard Wagner

Lars von Trier, Melancholia ("Prelude" from Wagner's Tristan und Isolde at the beginning and the end of the film)

Wagner's music used in other film soundtracks: "Ride of the Valkyries" from Wagner's Die Walküre (The Valkyrie) in Francis Ford Coppola's Apocalypse Now; "Prelude" to Das Rheingold in the opening title sequence of Terence Malick's The New World; John Boorman's Excalibur (Malory's la morte d'Artur as Wagner's Götterdämmerung [Twilight of the Gods]); record playing Tristan und Isolde in Fritz Lang, Blue Gardenia (1953); the montage ending of William Shakespeare's Romeo + Juliet (1996).

La Wally aria from Diva

The Flower Duet from Lakmé by Léo Delibes inTrue Romance (timestamp 6:00)

Classical music used in two contemporary film trailers:

A. THE COMMUTER (2018)

rearranges famous introductory bars of

Beethoven's "Moonlight Sonata"

B. See You Up There / Au revoir là-haut (2017) quotes directly from

Tchaikovsky's Swan Lake

2. Visualized music:

Goldberg Variations Complete (J.S. Bach BWV 988), with score, Kimiko Ishizaka piano

Bach, Toccata and Fugue in D minor, organ

Barenboim on Beethoven - Masterclass on the Sonatas time stamp 28:30

Debussy 'Clair de Lune' - Paul Barton, FEURICH 218 grand piano

London Symphony Orchestra - Visualizing Motion and Music

"Geometry of Circles," a series of four animations with music by minimalist, "repetitive structure"-oriented composer Philip Glass

http://www.openculture.com/2017/01/watch-geometry-of-circles-the-abstract-sesame-street-animation-scored-by-philip-glass-1979.html

Fantasia (dir. Joe Grant and Dick Huemer, 1940)

C. Musical Rearrangements (see Szendy)

Don Giovanni, K. 527 Act 2 Scene 13: "Già la mensa è preparata"

"Già la mensa è preparata" from "Don Giovanni" (Calixto Bieito)

Mozart, DON GIOVANNI -Commendatore

Beethoven, Diabelli Variations, Op. 120: Variation 22: Allegro molto

Maurizio Pollini plays Beethoven Piano Sonatas op. 109, 110, 111 (op. 111 is the last sonata Beethoven wrote).

Richard Wagner's Beethoven (1870)

Brahms: Piano Quartet in g minor op 25 (arr. Schönberg)

Johannes Brahms - Piano Quartet No. 1 in G minor, Op. 25 (complete)

Hector Berlioz, Selections from His Letters, and Aesthetic, Humorous, and .. (1879)

Polemos

Heraclitus

"Sonata form, also known as sonata-allegro form, is an organizational structure based on contrasting musical ideas. It consists of three main sections - exposition, development, and recapitulation - and sometimes includes an optional coda at the end. In the exposition, the main melodic ideas, or themes, are introduced."

What is Sonata Form?

2.0

Extradiegetic music revealed to be diegetic, then the volume lowered in close up to brief dialogue be heard as in this scene from Wong Kar-wai's Chungking Express (1994)

Diegetic dialogue lip read by the villain:

Blackmail1929 (Alfred Hitchcock, sound version)

SILENT FILM

3. Visualized sound in silent films. This gif is from Fritz Lang's Spione (Spies) 1928

Intertitles as radio signals, a hangover from integrated intertitles in silent films, appear in

Four Frightened People (dir. Cecil B. DeMille, 1934)

3.0 The Knick (dir. Steven Soderbergh, 2015). Introduction of main characters through successive close ups at a funeral, soon after the first sseuqence ending in a suicide.

4. Silent film intertitles were meant to be read before what is shown but sometimes follow what is said. Sometimes you can lip-read the actor saying what is on the intertitle.

"Shh" in Silent Movie (1976)

Silent "Shh" in Sinister (2013)

A Quiet Place, Trailer (2018)

5. Hitchcock's Pure Cinema- "The Kuleshov Effect" (notice that his example is silent.)

The reveal after the opening scene of Luis Bunuel's Belle du Jour as narrative Kuleshov effect.

6. "The Reinvention of Silent Film and Social Media" Gifs as Silent Films:

Gifs with Sound

7. Silent Film Explainers (like today's audiocommentaries)

See the novel by Gert Hoffman

For examples of silent film explainers or musicians playing in sound films, see Silence d'Or; The Fall (Tarsem Singh, 2006); and The Spiral Saircase (dir. Robert Siodmak, 1946), among others.

7.0. Benshi

"The voice-over narration [of An Actor's Revenge] is provided by Tokugawa Musei (????), the most famous benshi of the silent era."

8. Digitized silent films are usally accompanied by piano, organ, or orchestral music. Sometimes modern scores are composed. Many DVDs and Blu-ray editions of silent films include both kinds.

9-11. Multiple digital editions of the same film with different soundtracks.

12. Extradiegetic and diegetic moments in silent film.

Diegetic sound in silent film that the digital soundtrack music does not acknowledge as being diegetic.

The Hands of Orlac (1924 directed by Robert Wiene and starring Conrad Veidt)

Music during shots of piano playing orchestral, not piano music. Piano music does play when Orlac gets feeling back in his (er, the executed killer's) hands.

13. Record player that turns on “Beware” and other intertitles in quotation marks music in Buster Keaton’s The Navigator; two scenes of records playing dance music in Pabst’s Diary of a Lost Girl, one at a brothel party. Hitchcock's first film, Downhill, of a whistle being blown in a soccer game and of a record playing during an hallucination sequence. The Network edition DVD of this silent film doesn't give the film a soundtrack.

13.0

Menschen am Sonntag / People On Sunday

(dir. Robert Siodmak and Edgar G. Ulmer) A shot from this film shows up in a silent movie palace in Babylon Berlin episode 11.

14. Silent film in sound films: watching a silent film within a film--A Cottage on Dartmoor ( in this silent film, there is a scene of audience members watching a silent film with in a movie theater); Hamlet's Mousetrap in Hamlet (dir. Michael Almereyda, 2000); The Spiral Saircase; The Fall (2006 film); Sunset Boulevard; Jean-Luc Godard, Vivre sa Vie; Alain Resnais, Muriel. The Man in the High Castle (Amazon TV)

Babylon Berlin (dir. Tom Twyker, 2018); see thread involving finding porn films being used as blackmail and their eventual burning; see thread involving a film shown by doctor treating soldiers with PTSD; see episode with clip from The Blue Angel with Marlene Dietrich in the shot.

Babylon Berlin opening credits

Babylon Berlin Music - Original Soundtrack Tracklist

Abstract moving shapes in the end titles of each episode allude to German avant-garde silent films by

Hans Richter - Rhythmus 23 (c1923); see also Ryhtums 21 and Ghosts Before Breakfast (1928)

Babylon Berlin also alludes to several detective serials and to several silent films by Fritz Lang.

Maybe this Russian series too:

14.0. Charlie Chaplin, The Gold Rush (silent and sound versions)

15. Silent and Sound Films, restored with incomplete soundtracks, intertitles, and / or film stills serving as freeze frames.

16. Touch of Evil (1958; posthumously restored in 1998, according to Orson Welles' memo to Universal Studios)

(three versions: theatrical, reconstructed, preview; key differences between the three versions: aspect ratios 1.37.1 or 1.85.1; soundtracks; editing)

Opening Three-and-a-half Minute Crane Shot

17. The History of Silent Film in Film: The Cinematograph sequence in Coppola's Bram Stoker's Dracula

18. Turning a silent film into a sound film.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?time_continue=1&v=dFUbKJ64BKo

Nosferatu (1922) [Silent Movie]

18.0 The (nearly) silent sound horror fim: A Quiet Place Official Trailer #1 (2018)

19. Controversial modern score for digitally restored films, this one VARIETÉ, a silent German filmwith English lyrics.

Michael Polher's "abominatory score" for THE PENALTY.

Air's "mindbogglingly inappropriate sub-Pink Floyd noodling, which is sadly shackled to poor" Georges Melies' hand-colored A TRIP TO THE MOON.

SOUND

1. Silence in contemporary cinema / TV:

Mr Robot season three, episode one, mute button (stills with closed captioning on, all from a single long take near the beginning of the episode)

2. Sound Editing (lip synching, time delays, sound but no lips moving; music or not; music selection) Trailers and Sizzle Reels: Cohen Media Group - 2016 Sizzle Reel

3. Sound Design

4. Repeated Hearings: See David Lynch

Vienna and Schubert: 'Death and the Maiden' String Quartet - Professor Chris Hogwood CBE

5. Listening while deaf:

MAUREEN TOWEY, "How we used vr to explore what music feels like to a deaf person" NY Times

Nov 5, 2017 Video of the same story:

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VuXgnjERUaU

"DEAF" CINEMA: CLOSED CAPTIONING, AUDIO DESCRIPTION, AND THE REINVENTION OF SILENT FILM

Listening without Ears

In the Blink of an Ear: Toward a Non-Cochlear Sonic Art

Wonderstruck (dir. Todd Haynes, 2017)

"French chronophotographer Georges Demenÿ saying 'Je vous aime.' This film made in 1891 was intended to teach deaf students to speak and lip read."

Gif captioned as deaf film:

6. The film explainer returns as film description in captions, aka subtitles (for the hard of hearing, so emergent disability cinema links back):

Audio Captcha

The Descriptive Audio Narrator Is the Best Part of Netflix’s ‘Sense8’

Final Shots: Netflix’s Audio Descriptions May Make ‘Sense8’ Easier to Follow

7. Sounds of the Pre-Human, Inhuman or Posthuman.

A. Signing among different orders of primates in

War for the Planet of the Apes (dir. Matt Reeves, 2017)

B. Mute woman lead character in The Shape of Water (dir. Guillermo del Toro, 2017)

THE SHAPE OF WATER | Official Trailer

THE SHAPE OF WATER - Final Trailer

THE SHAPE OF WATER | Red Band Trailer

From a gif found online:

Her co-worker comes out from behind her and tells their boss, as if the signed letters we see on screen were audible, "she said, 'Thank you.'"

For more obscenity in film text, see Crank 2.

Hallucinatory episode in the elevator scene in Crank.

C. Koko: A Talking Gorilla (dir. Barbet Schroeder , 1978)

American Sign Language films

The Sounds of A.I.

Hal and the lip reading scene in 2001: A Space odyssey; A.I.; . . . .

8. Global film / TV series with original langauges and English subtitles

Mr. Robot (Chinese)

ROSLYN SULCAS, In ‘McMafia,’ Crime’s Tentacles (and a TV Show) Go Global

FEB. 16, 2018

Amazon original series Babylon Berlin (in German with English subtitles)

Critical Resources to be Used for Your Papers:

"Indiana University is home to more than half a million endangered audio visual pieces. These valuable items, dating back as far as the 1890s in some cases, are rapidly deteriorating, and their playback devices are largely obsolete. We are at risk of losing them."

"DEAF" CINEMA: CLOSED CAPTIONING, AUDIO DESCRIPTION, AND THE REINVENTION OF SILENT FILM

DVD and Blu-Ray Silent Film Composers and Orchestras:

Maria Newman

Carl Davis

Timothy Brock

Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra

Robert Israel

Ben Model

Ken Winokur and his Alloy Orchestra

Restored (or not) Silent Films on DVD and Blu-Ray:

Eureka! Masters of Cinema

Criterion

Kino Lorber

Lobster Films

Flicker Alley

Cohen Media (sizzle reel)

Murnau Stiftung

"Nearly everyone who scores silent films uses what can best be described as the Delsarte technique (http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/François_Delsarte ). D. W. Griffith and Mary Pickford led the way in America away from this method as it looked ridiculous on screen (the exaggerated acting many associate with early silent film is actually Delsarte acting). This keeps the audience out of the film. I choose music that takes them into it."

http://reghartt.ca/cineforum/

Rodney Sauer
The Mont Alto Motion Picture Orchestra
www.mont-alto.com
"Let the Music Do the Talking!"

http://www.mont-alto.com/recordings/BirthOfANationScore.html

Exit Music:

Road Show Hollywood silent and sound releases with Prelude, Entr-acte, and Exit Music. See Duel in the Sun and Spartacus for examples.

Werner Herzog's sound film remake:

Distressed soundtrack in Bendy and the Ink Machine"Tombstone Pinic" (for distressed sound films, see Robert Rodrigeuz and Quentin Tarantino, Grindhouse)

The Medium is the Massage Audio Version (LP 1968)

Andrew McGibbon "I Was Philip K Dick's Reluctant Host"

Audiobooks with Cinematic Soundtracks

"Whispersync" for audio Kindle books:

Narrowcast: Poetry and Audio Research (Post*45) by Lytle Shaw

A silent film without intertitles:

Paolo Cherchi Usai, selections from The Death of Cinema: History, Cultural Memory, and the Digital Dark Age

Recommended Reading: Thomas Y. Levin, "For the Record: Adorno on Music in the Age of Its Technological Reproducibility,"October, Vol. 55, (Winter, 1990), pp. 23-47

Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas Y. Levin, "Opera and the Long-Playing Record," October, Vol. 55, (Winter, 1990), pp. 62-66

Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas Y. Levin, "The Curves of the Needle," October, Vol. 55, (Winter, 1990), pp. 48-55

Theodor W. Adorno, Thomas Y. Levin, "The Form of the Phonograph Record," October, Vol. 55, (Winter, 1990), pp. 56-61

Musical Plagiarism:

Self-quotation by a composer

Allusion to music in another film or TV Series

Pixies at the end of Fight Club (dir. David Fincher, 1997)

the same song covered at the end of Mr Robot Season 1 episode 9

The placement of the cover at the end of the next to last episode of the season activates the allusion.

"They're blowing up a building today."

Covering your own song: Compare the Chromatics' Cherry album version of "Shadow (Take Me Down)" to their music video version, "Shadow (I took your picture from the frame)".

Same or different?

Compare

1. Twin Peaks: the Return, Episode 8

with soundtrack from Krzysztof Penderecki's "Threnody For The Victims Of Hiroshima"

with

2. 2001: A Space Odyssey Stargate sequence

with soundtrack from György Ligeti's Atmosphères

(see also the ending of Lost Highway )

Andy Nyman and Jeremy Dyson’s Ghost Stories (2018)

http://users.clas.ufl.edu/burt/Iseedeafpeople/deafcinemasecondpaperresearchproject.html