I designed this course myself and am looking forward to teaching it this semester. If you have a question or a problem in urgent need of resolution, please contact me in class or at [email protected]. (I am the manager.)

Post Your DQs and BIG WORDS BOTH on Canvas AND on this google document.

“But not to the degree to contaminate—”
“To contaminate?”—my big word left her at a loss. I explained it. “To corrupt.”

--Henry James, The Turn of the Screw (1892)

Albert Camus, "Appendix: Hope and the Absurd in the Work of Franz Kafka from The Myth of Sisyphus and Other Essays"

All recommended readings are optional. First day of class. Let's read Keat's Romantic poem "Bright Star" aloud and then discuss it to discover what kind of formal attention a close reading involves. Then let's watch Abbie Cornish, playing Fanny Brawne, deliver "Bright Star" very emotionally, Brawne's heart broken into a thousand pieces by Keats' death (he was just 25), at the end of Jane Campion's wonderful film, Bright Star (2009). If we are moved, moved perhaps even to weep, how does Cornish tap in the language and form of the poem to move us so deeply? What is Keats doing with words to leave us his poem as a resource for living?

JOHN KEATS Bright Star Soundtrack- 06--Bright Star-Abbie Cornish / "Bright Star" (2009) ending

“Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art”

Bright star, would I were stedfast as thou art—

Not in lone splendour hung aloft the night

And watching, with eternal lids apart,

Like nature's patient, sleepless Eremite,

The moving waters at their priestlike task

Of pure ablution round earth's human shores,

Or gazing on the new soft-fallen mask

Of snow upon the mountains and the moors—

No—yet still stedfast, still unchangeable,

Pillow'd upon my fair love's ripening breast,

To feel for ever its soft fall and swell,

Awake for ever in a sweet unrest,

Still, still to hear her tender-taken breath,

And so live ever—or else swoon to death.

Susan Wolfson's comments, p. 140

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE (Please expect minor adjustments to be made in the schedule from time to time; all changes will be announced both in class and on the class listserv.)

YOUR FIRST ASSIGNMENT:

THE MYSTERY OF HENRI PICK - Trailer

DUE tomorrow, January 10 by 5:00 PM. Watch The Mystery of Henri Pick (dir. Rémi Bezançon, 2018). Write two Discussion Questions (50-200 words each) and three shots . Post Your DQs and THREE SHOTS on Canvas AND on this google document. Due tomorrow, Thursday, January 10 by 5:00 p.m. If you want to learn how to improve your discussion questions, I will be happy to meet with you during office hours or by appointment and show you.

January 9 General Questions for the Course: What Is Close Reading? What Is Closed Reading?

We will begin to address these questions by looking at one film and four literary works with analogues to close readers: the journalist; the cafe observer; the detective; the ghost-busting governess; the biographer; the Freudian analyst. Some of these analogues are related to forensics--evidence to establish the truth in a courtroom and reconstructing a crime scene. This legal method reading has its limits, as all analogies do (at some point, they break down). It assumes that truth is there to be found, discovered, and recovered. The truth is logical, rational, and a matter of consensus. In literature, the truth may be contradictory, impossible to ascertain, or to separate from irrational fantasies. What's in the text? What is not? These are not reducible to legal questions. Close reading is not exactly the opposite of closed reading, as we shall see.

Here is the an analogue of the journalist as close reader:

THE MYSTERY OF HENRI PICK - Trailer

January 11 Close(d) reading? The journalist (reading) as coroner; the library as tomb.

REQUIRED VIEWING:

The Mystery of Henri Pick (dir. Rémi Bezançon, 2018)

The film is in French with English subtitles. You will need to borrow a copy of the film on disc or rent it on a streaming service.

Recommended viewing:

Watch online a French TV show (in French) of the kind represented in the film. Here is an example:

Découvrez la bibliothèque idéale: L'importance de la lecture dans la compréhension Feb 9, 2018

Recommend Reading:

Richard Brautigan, The Abortion: an historical romance 1966 (1972)

David Foenkinos, The Mystery of Henri Pick (read as an ebook)

Salon des Refusés (1863)

DUE January 12 by 5:00 PM: Read the poem "Aire and Angels" by John Donne several times. Write two Discussion Questions about the way it is written in a clear yet somewhat difficult manner and Three BIG WORDS. If you want to learn how to improve your discussion questions, I will be happy to meet with you during office hours or by appointment and show you.

January 13 John Donne, “Dark texts need notes.”

REQUIRED READING: Difficult Reading, or Donne in the Dark

John Donne, "Aire and Angels"

Recommended Reading:

John Donne, "The Good Morrow"

John Donne, "Lecture Upon a Shadow"

John Donne, "A Valediction of the Book"

(See also this 1962 Harvard Crimson review of Reuben A. Brower's edited collection, In Defense of Reading. Brower developed the idea of "slow reading.")

Margaret Edson, W;t (1995) has a scene with a terminally ill English professor noting a debate about a comma in one of Donne’s "Holy Sonnets." The main character mentions the name of a former student who published an ariticle on the Holy Sonnet. Here it is:
Richard Strier, "John Donne Awry and Squint: The "Holy Sonnets," 1608-1610"
Modern Philology Vol. 86, No. 4 (May, 1989), pp. 357-384

George Steiner, "On Difficulty" The Journal of Aesthetics and Art Criticism Vol. 36, No. 3, Critical Interpretation (Spring, 1978), pp. 263-276

January 16

Holiday

To sign up to lead class, go to this google doc.

Create a google doc for your notes and share it with me by 5:00 p.m. the day before you are leading so I can add my thoughts. Make sure you give me permission to edit the document.

YOUR THIRD ASSIGNMENT, Due January 17 by 5:00 p.m.:

Here is an example of the detective as close reader:

Sherlock "A Study in Pink" / (season 1, episode 1) 2010

The Crime Scene: Five letters--spelling "Rache"--have been scratched into a wooden floor by a murder victim. "Rache" is a German word meaning "revenge." But it turned out to be the first five letters of the proper name, "Rachel," the first name of the murderer.

Write two Discussion Questions and Three BIG WORDS on Edgar Allan Poe's "The Man of the Crowd." Post Your DQs etc BOTH on Canvas AND this google document here. If you want to know how to improve your discussion questions, I will be happy to meet with you during office hours or by appointment and show you.

DUE January 17 by 5:00 PM. Due January 17 by 5:00 p.m.

January 18 Closed Reading: Observation and Classification as Method or Madness? "Es läßt sich nicht lesen." (German for "it does not let itself be read.")

REQUIRED READING:

Edgar Allan Poe, "The Man of the Crowd" in The Annotated Poe, Ed. Kevin J. Hayes (Harvard UP, 2015 )

Recommended Reading:

Poe's Source? Edward Bulwer Lytton, Eugene Aram: A Tale (1832)

Friedrich August Moritz Retzsch Faust

Retzsch’s Outlines ( 1779-1857)

ISAAC DISRAELI, "RELIGIOUS NOUVELLETTES" in CURIOSITIES OF LITERATURE

“Hortulus Animæ cum Oratiunculis Aliquibus Superadditis” of Grünninger.
https://www.eapoe.org/works/mabbott/tom2t042.htm
https://blogs.commons.georgetown.edu/citylit/files/2015/07/poe_man_of_the_crowd.pdf

Carlo Ginzburg, “Clues: Morelli, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes,” in History Workshop, No. 9 (Spring, 1980), pp. 5-36.

Bran Nicol, "Reading and Not Reading 'The Man of the Crowd': Poe, the City, and the Gothic Text," Philological Quarterly, 91 (3) (Summer, 2012): 465-93.

Stephen Rachman, “Reading Cities: Devotional Seeing in the Nineteenth Century,” ALH 9 (Winter 1997), pp. 653- 675

Charles Dickens (source for Poe's Man of the Crowd), "The Streets—Morning, The Streets—Night, Shops and their Tenants, Meditations in Monmouth-Street, and Gin-Shops," in Sketches from Boz

Sketches by Boz "The Drunkard's Death"

YOUR FOURTH ASSIGNMENT, Due January 19 by 5:00 p.m.

Read Edgar Allan Poe's "The Purloined Letter." Write two Discussion Questions and Three BIG WORDS. Post Your DQs etc. BOTH on Canvas AND this google document here.

Due Thursday, January 19 by 5:00 p.m.

I will no longer post due dates for Discussion Questions (DQs) and BIG WORDS. The work is due every Sunday and Tuesday by 5:00 p.m. unless otherwise noted.

January 20 The Eve of St. Agnes (we'll read Keats' poem on it later this semester)

The detective as close reader; hiding in plain sight; the frame as narrative device; is the reader outside the frame?

REQUIRED READING:

Edgar Allan Poe, "The Purloined Letter" in The Annotated Poe, Ed. Kevin J. Hayes (Harvard UP, 2015)

Recommended Readings:

The Mystery of Henri Pick

"At these words a vague and half-formed conception of the meaning of Dupin flitted over my mind. I seemed to be upon the verge of comprehension, without power to comprehend--as men, at times, find themselves upon the brink of remembrance, without being able, in the end, to remember."

--Edgar Poe, "The Murders of the Rue Morgue"

The fate of reading and other essays by Hartman, Geoffrey H

Timestamp 1:23:02 The Mystery of Henri Pick (dir. Rémi Bezançon, 2018)

D.A. Greetham, "Textual Forensics"; Sir Arthur Conan Doyle, "A Case of Identity" (1899) and "The Adventure of the Cardboard Box" (1893); Sigmund Freud, "The Moses of Michelangelo" (1914) Standard Edition, 13: 209-238. Digital "Exploded Manuscript" of Freud's essay."How DNA Changed the World of Forensics" NY Times, May 18, 2014

Walter Benjamin on Poe and Charles Baudelaire in "On Some Motifs in Baudelaire" and translating "À une passante" (pp. 223-24) and "Le Créspucle du soir"( pp. 324-27; p. 349n17)

Geoffrey H. Hartman, "Literature High and Low: The Case of the Mystery Story," The Fate of Reading and other Essays (1975), pp. 203-22

Experience: Description, Image, Memory

How Electricity Transformed Paris and Its Artists, from Manet to Degas

Joseph G. Kronick, "Edgar Allan Poe: The Error of Reading and the Reading of Error,"

"This change of weather had an odd effect upon the crowd, the whole of which was
at once put into new commotion, and overshadowed by a world of umbrellas."

Foreign Correspondent (dir. Alfred Hitchcock, 1940)

I will no longer post due dates for Discussion Questions (DQs) and BIG WORDS. They are due every Sunday and Tuesday by 5:00 p.m. unless otherwise noted.

January 23 The Governess as Close Reader (her story is being read aloud by a narrator to some friends) How Can You Tell What is True? Confessing and Narrating; two narrators; the story within a story.

REQUIRED READING:

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, Prologue and Chapters 1-VII (including chapter VII)

I recommend all of the editions below. Any one of them will do, though Peter G. Beidler's edition is the only edition to include both the Collier Weekly magazine version and the revised version in James' New York edition. Beidler is also the only editor to explore James' revisions exhaustively and make a persuasive case in his introduction and at greater length in his book The Collier's Weekly Version of The Turn of the Screw that they are significant. He is the best closer reader.

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw: A Case Study in Contemporary Criticism (Bedford/St. Martin's) Peter G. Beidler (Ed.)

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw and Other Ghost Stories (Penguin) Philip Horne (Ed.)

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw and Other Stories (Oxford World's Classics) T. J. Lustig (Ed.)

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw (Norton Critical Editions) Jonathan Warren (Ed.)

Recommended Reading:

To see what’s really going on, it helps to get close. NY Times series

"The 'frame' shows us through its incompleteness that there is no easy recourse to the author, whether implied or real, just as for the governess herself there is to be no recourse to the master, her employer."

--William R. Goetz, "The 'Frame' of The Turn of the Screw: Framing the Reader," Studies in Short Fiction 18.1 (1981): 71-7; 73.

January 25

REQUIRED READING: How do you know when to stop (re)reading? Do you have to stop reading to keep your sanity? (Neil Herz, The End of the Line) The Truth on Trial: Narrative Framing (1)

Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, Chapter VIII-XIV (including Chapter XIV)

Recommended Reading:

The Publication History of James' Story (quoted from wikisource):

"The Turn of the Screw" in Collier's Weekly (January 27–April 16, 1898)

— First publication in any form

"The Turn of the Screw" in The Two Magics (New York: The Macmillan Company, 1898): 3–213.

— First American edition in book form. The first English and American book editions were published at about the same time and are textually almost identical.
"The Turn of the Screw" in The Novels and Tales of Henry James Vol. 12 (New York: Scribner; London: Macmillan, 1907–1909): 147–309.

— The "New York Edition"

January 27

DISCUSSION

FIRST PAPER DUE Saturday, January 28, by 11:59 p.m. Email all papers for the course to me at [email protected].You may write on any one of the assigned texts we have discussed except for The Turn of the Screw. 500-700 words.

John Donne, "Aire and Angels," Ed. Theodore Redpath for notes and APPENDIX V

January 30 James as his own closer reader (and editor) Write one DQ on each reading.

REQUIRED READING:

1. Henry James, The Turn of the Screw, Chapter XV to the end of the story

2. The Preface to Vol. 12 of the New York Edition (1908)

February 1 Ghost writing? "The story will tell." The Freudian reader as ghostbuster; the Freudian Reader as Close Reader? How close should you read? Can you read too closely?

REQUIRED READING: Write one DQ on each reading.

1. Edmund Wilson, "The Ambiguity of Henry James," (just read pages 89 through 95) first published in The Triple Thinkers (1948); revised version of a longer article originally published in Hound and Horn, VII, 385-406 (April-June, I933-34), 385-406.

2. Robert B. Heilman, "The Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw," Modern Language Notes Vol. 62 November, 1947, pp. 433-445.

Recommended:

Robert B. Heilman, "The Turn of the Screw as Poem," University of Kansas City Review 14 (1948): 277–89.

Harold C. Goddard, "A Pre-Freudian Reading of The Turn of the Screw," Nineteenth-Century Fiction 12 (1957): 1–36.

February 3

DISCUSSION (no required reading)

John Donne, "Aire and Angels" commentary and APPENDIX V, Ed. T Redpath

The literary page layout--Stéphane Mallarmé, "Un coup de Des jamais n'abolira le hasard"--white background becomes noticed as space, metaphorically becomes blank space.

Comparative (non)Reading (You may of course ignore the French original and read the English translation.)

Stéphane Mallarmé, "Un Coup de Des n'abolira le hasard" / "A Throw of the Dice Will Never Abolish Chance," ed. and trans. A. M. Blackmore, Elizabeth McCombie, in French and English. 1897 and 1914 versions here--"a swift reading."

See Also / Further Reading

The Manuscript of Mallarmé's poem.

Caroline Bergvall & Nick Thurston, The Die Is Cast (2009). Only the last word of the translated title of the poem appears on the front cover, and the book is bound with one staple, just to the left of "CAST." Unfortunately, you can't see the staple in the digitzed image below.

Robert Walser, Microscripts

February 6 Is there a way out of reading? Is reading always open? Is is there always another way you have to turn the screw? Is the close reader sane or insane? Is the close reader a misreader? How would you know?

REQUIRED READINGS Write on DQ on each set of readings:

Shoshana Felman, "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," Yale French Studies No. 55 / 56, Literature and Psychoanalysis. The Question of Reading: Otherwise (1977), pp. 94-207.

1. Write your first DQ on these sections of Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation,":

I. An Uncanny Reading Effect," "II. What is a Freudian Reading?," and "IV. The Turns of the Story's Frame: A Theory of Narrative" pp. 94-102; 102-113; and 119-38.

2. Write your second DQ on these sections of Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation":
III.The Conflict of Interpretations: The Turns of the Debate, and X. A Ghost of a Master pp. 113-19 and pp. 203-07

NOTE: Felman's justly celebrated essay was retitled and republished as "Henry James: Madness and the Risk of Practice [Turning the Screw of Interpretation]," 141-250 in Writing and Madness (literature/philosophy/psychoanalysis) (1985); then republished with an "updated" new preface in 2003 after first appearing in the same book translated in French as La Folie et la chose littéraire (1978) but retitled as "Henry James: Folie et Interpretation," 237-346; then revised and republished again in a shorter version in a book edited by Felman, Literature and Psychoanalysis: The Question of Reading: Otherwise (1985), 94-207; and then abridged in excerpts and republished as "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," in Henry James, The Turn of the Screw Jonathan Warren, Ed. (Norton Critical Editions, 2021), pp. 215-30.

February 8

REQUIRED READING:

Write on DQ on each set of readings:

1. Write your first DQ on this section of Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation":

"V. The Scene of Writing: Purloined Letters" in Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," pp. 138-48

2. Write your second DQ on this section of Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation":

VI. The Scene of Reading: The Surrender of the Name," in Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," pp. 149-69

February 10

DISCUSSION

Recommended Readings:

Not saving or damning Felman's text:

Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams, Felman

Felman Freud, "The 'Uncanny'".pdf

Freud, S. (1910) 'Wild' Psycho-Analysis. The Standard Edition of the Complete Psychological Works of Sigmund Freud 11:219-228.

Sigmund Freud, The Interpretation of Dreams 3rd edition

A Casebook on Henry James's "The Turn of the Screw," ed. Gerald Willen, New York: Thomas Y. Crowell Company, 1969, 2nd edition

Sigmund Freud, Delusion and Dream An Interpretation in the Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, Part I

"Let us pause for a moment at this journey, planned for such remarkably uncogent reasons, and take a closer look at our hero's personality and behaviour."

Carlo Ginzburg, “Clues: Morelli, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes,” in History Workshop, No. 9 (Spring, 1980), pp. 5-36.

Sigmund Freud (1901) A. A. Brill translation Psychopathology of Everyday Life (1914)

February 13 "She could have . . . She must have . . . " Is Felman Insane? Is That a Bad Thing?

REQUIRED READINGS:

VII. A Child is Killed in Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," pp. 161-77

VIII. Meaning and Madness: the Turn of the Screw, in Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," pp. 177-84

IX. The Madness of Interpretation: Literature and Psychoanalysis in Shoshana Felman's "Turning the Screw of Interpretation," p.185-204

February 15
REQUIRED VIEWING: The Fate of Reading

Things to Come (L'Avenir) dir. Mia Hansen-Løv, 2016

February 17

DISCUSSION

I. A. (Ivor Armstrong), Richards; Reuben Arthur Brower; Helen Hennessy Vendler, ed. I. A. Richards; Essays in his Honor (1973)

Oulipo

Raymond Queneau, Exercice de Style 1947 1963

February 20

REQUIRED READINGS:

1. William Shakespeare, "Sonnet 93" and "Sonnet 94" with commentary on "Sonnet 93" and "Sonnet 94"

in Stephen Booth, Ed. Shakespeares Sonnets (Yale UP, 1977)

Recommended Reading:

Susan J. Wolfson, "Reading Intensity: Sonnet 12"

Helen Vendler, ed. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets (Harvard UP, 1997)

John Crowe Ransom," Shakespeare at Sonnets," The Southern Review (Winter 1938), pp. 531-96.

Stephen Booth, Essay on Shakespeare's Sonnets (Harvard UP), pp. 26–8.

Booth's long notes in the commentary that are not listed in the table of contents but that are mentioned in the preface

February 22 The Critic as Close Reader

2. William Empson, "They That Have Power," in Some Versions of Pastoral, pp. 75-96

February 24

DISCUSSION

Jen Bervin, Nets (website) and Jen Bevins, Nets (scans of some pages in the book)

Double_Room/issue_five Jen_Bervin

February 27

REQUIRED READING:

1. Stephen Booth, "The Progress of Sonnet 94," in Essay on Shakespeare's Sonnets (1968)

2. William Empson, 7 Types of Ambiguity, on Shakespeare's Sonnets

RECOMMENDED LISTENING:

Sonnet 75 (“So are you to my thoughts as food to life”)

Read Aloud by Patrick Stewart

Sonnet 94 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart) | 2020.07.27

Sonnet 93 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart) | 2020.07.26

Sonnet 42 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

Sonnet 32 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart) | 2020.04.19

Sonnet 13 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

Sonnet 31 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart) | 2020.04.18

Sonnet 74 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

Sonnet 81 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Ian McKellen) | 2020.07.13

Sonnet 81 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Simon Russell Beale)

Sonnet 81 by William Shakespeare (read by Al Pacino)

Sonnet 82 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

Sonnet 16 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

Sonnet 58 by William Shakespeare - Read by John Gielgud

Recommended Reading:

K. SILEM MOHAMMAD From “The Sonnagrams”

Shakespeare's Sonnets, Ed. Ingram and Redpath

Shakespeare Sonnets Oxford UP

Shakespeare Sonnets ARDEN

Helen Vendler, ed. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets(Harvard UP, 1997)

March 1

REQUIRED READINGS (Write two DQs):

1. Willian Empson, 7 Types of Ambiguity (1947), second edition, pp. 2-3; 226-233. There are two digital facsimiles on archive.org: first and second. Readers left their marks in the sourced printed copies. There is also a diplomatic transcription here. You can cut and paste from it.

2. William Shakespeare, "Sonnet 73" in Stephen Booth, Ed. Shakespeares Sonnets, preface, facing page facsimiles and modernized sonnets, and commentary (Yale UP, 1977). (Just read the poem. You don't need to read the commentary.)

Sonnet 73 by William Shakespeare (read by Sir Patrick Stewart)

2b. George Herbert's "The Sacrifice" (1633; reprinted 1876), pp. 19-26. (Here is a later edition with footnotes--[1899].)

"Was ever grief, &."

RECOMMENDED READING:

"warning" "The first and only previous edition of this book was pub-
lished sixteen years ago. Till it went out of print, at about
the beginning of the war, it had a steady sale though a small
one; and in preparing a second edition the wishes of the buyers
ought to be considered. Many of them will be ordering a
group of books on this kind of topic, for a library, compiled
from bibliographies; some of them maybe only put the book
on their list as an awful warning against taking verbal analysis
too far.

"Clearly,

the critical principles of the author and of the public he is writing

for will decide this to a considerable degree, and one has to bear

them in mind in deciding whether a particular ambiguity is part

of the total effect intended. (This is hardly a solemn warning,

because they have to be borne in mind in any case.)

--William Empson, Seven Types of Ambiguityp. 241

The Temple Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations. By Mr. George Herbert.

Herbert, George, 1593-1633., Ferrar, Nicholas, 1592-1637.

At the end . . . (I'll translate it in class.)

fourchue--forked; "Il etait une fois" means "once upon a time)

TELEPHONE: INTERVIEW

Frank Kermode, "Disgusting" Vol. 28 No. 22 · 16 November 2006

March 3

DISCUSSION

Recommended:

P. D. Eastman, Go, Dog. Go! (1961)

Stephen Booth, “Go, Dog. Go! A Map of the Beautiful,” in Reading What's There Essays on Shakespeare in Honor of Stephen Booth Ed. MICHAEL J. COLLINS (University of Delaware Press, 2014)

March 6

REQUIRED READING: (Write one DQ on each reading.)

1. William Wordsworth, "The Lucy Poems" (1798-1801)

2. J. Hillis Miller versus Meyer Abrams on Wordsworth's "A Slumber Did My Spirit Seal"

Recommended Reading:

Adam Kirsch, "Strange Fits of Passion: Wordsworth’s Revolution," in The New Yorker, November 27, 2005.

Frederick Wilse Bateson, English Poetry: A Critical Introduction (1950), pp. 29-30

Cleanth Brooks, "Irony and "Ironic" Poetry," College English, Feb., 1948, Vol. 9, No. 5 (Feb., 1948), pp. 231-237

E. D. Hirsch, Jr., "Objective Interpretation," PMLA, Vol. 75, No. 4 (Sep., 1960), pp. 463-479

Paul de Man, "The Rhetoric of Temporality," Interpretation: Theory and Practice, ed.
Charles S. Singleton (Baltimore, 1969), pp. 205-6.

Steven Knapp; Walter Benn Michaels,"Against Theory," Critical Inquiry, Vol. 8, No. 4. (Summer, 1982), pp. 723-742.

March 8 Reading as a Student

REQUIRED READING

I. A. Richards, Practical Criticism (1929) "Preface; Intoduction; Part Two: Documentation, pp. vii-29; Appendix B, C, and D, pp. 347-57.

Recommended:

Philip James Bailey, "Life"

Life's more than breath and the quick round of blood;
It is a great spirit and a busy heart.
The coward and the small in soul scarce do live.
One generous feeling--one great thought--one deed
Of good, ere night, would make life longer seem
Than if each year might number a thousand days,
Spent as is this by nations of mankind.
We live in deeds, not years; in thoughts, not breaths;
In feelings, not in figures on a dial.
We should count time by heart-throbs. He most lives
Who thinks most--feels the noblest--acts the best.
Life's but a means unto an end--that end
Beginning, mean, and end to all things--God.

March 10

DISCUSSION

See Also / Further Reading:

Sharmila Cohen and Paul Legault, Ed. The Sonnets: Translating and Rewriting ShakespeareI. A. Richards, Mencius on the Mind: Experiments in Multiple Definition (1964)

In Brief Gatherings By Gill Partington May 10, 2019 IN THIS REVIEW CATCH-WORDS 148pp. Information as Material. Paperback, £14. Nicholas D. Nace

SECOND PAPER DUE March 11 by 11:59 p.m. READ THROUGH THIS WEBPAGE. READ ALL OF IT. CLOSELY. VERY CLOSELY. PLEASE NOTE: Now that you have learned from your mistakes in our discussion of your first paper, and now that you have practiced writing twice a week through your DQs, I fully expect you to be able to make an argument in your essay, write grammatical sentences, use words properly, and punctuate properly. Papers that have ungrammatical sentences, mispunctuate, or misuse words will get "D" grades. Be sure to give yourself time to revise and to proofread your paper carefully before you send it to me at [email protected]. I recommend reading your work aloud. It's a good way to see what you need to revise. You can also get help at the Writing Program. See also the Plain Style: A Guide to Written English. READ THROUGH THIS WEBPAGE. READ ALL OF IT. CLOSELY. VERY CLOSELY.

Email your second paper as a word docx to me at [email protected]

March 13 SPRING BREAK

March 15 SPRING BREAK

March 17 SPRING BREAK

March 20: Reading as an Academic: Your Cross-Reference to bear; Commentary as encryption / decryption.

Focus your DQs on the way Nabokov creates a fictional editor and first person narrator, Charles Kinbote, who is an academic and who gains possession ofa fictional manuscript of a poem written by his colleague, neighbor, and supposed close friend, John Shade, after Shade is murdered. The (unfinished?) poem is written on the author's index cards. Kinbote has the poem published his own foreword and an extensive, deeply learned but at times absurd (the King of Zembla and Gradus subplot) line-by-line critical commentary on it as well as an index by Kinbote.

Required Reading:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, pp. 11-110; the reading ends with "and while pacing about and pondering his." You can read the novel online here. (One hour loan) Here. And Here. An audiobook is here: Pale Fire Vladimir Nabokov 9 Hours Full Audiobook.

The Vintage edition of Pale Fire is also on Kindle. And there is a sort of hypertext edition on line (The Vintage edition is the source text): Pale Fire A Poem in Four Cantos

The Reason for this new html version

Nabokov took the title of his novel from Shakespeare's tragedy Timon of Athens.

Recommended Reading for Ryhming Couplets:

Alexander Pope, An Essay on Man: Epistle I

THE FAERIE QUEENE. BOOK I:

Recommended Readings:

Giles Harvey, “Pale Fire,” the Poem: Does It Stand Alone as a Masterpiece? New Yorker December 2, 2011

Pale Fire Canto 4 Commentary Project.

Brian Boyd, "Index" in Nabokov' s Pale Fire (1999)

Pale Fire: A Poem in Four Cantos by John Shade 2011)

Dmitri Nabokov, The Original of Laura

Yuri Leving, ed. Shades of Laura: Vladimir Nabokov's Last Novel, The Original of Laura Oct 28, 2013

Nabokov’s Berlin Adjust Share A happy eternal recurrence: on the author’s relationship to fatherhood and time Host Violet Lucca, Guest Ryan Ruby on November 8, 2022

“Pale Fire” without Charles Kinbote | BLT

"This new scholarship may not only have filled in the mystery of the book’s first owner and annotator; it may also show the full degree to which Milton engaged with Shakespeare, and give Milton scholars 'a new and significant field of reference' for reading his work."

John Milton’s Hand Annotated Copy of Shakespeare’s First Folio: A New Discovery by a Cambridge Scholar

Claire M.L. Bourne, "Vide Supplementum: Early Modern Collation as Play-Reading in the First Folio"

March 22

REQUIRED READING

Required Reading:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, pages 110-210, ends with "He knew she had just come across a telltale object--a"

Recommended Reading:

Eugene Onegin - Alexander Pushkin audiobook Trans. James E. Falen

Eugene Onegin by Alexander Pushkin Translated from Russian into English by JAMES E. FALEN Russian-English parallel text

Nabokov’s Copy of Eugene Onegin:

Sochinenii?a? Aleksandra Pushkina / i?u?bilei?noe izdani¯e Pushkinskago komiteta ; pod redakt?s?i¯ei? Prof. M.L. Gofmana ; 1837-1937
Vladimir Nabokov, "Problems in Translation: "Onegin" in English," Partisan Review Vol. 22, no. 4 (1955), pp. 496-412.
Vladimir Nabokov, Ed. and Trans. Pushkin, Aleksandr Sergeevich, Eugene Onegin : a novel in verse. Vol. 4 Index
Vladimir Nabokov, Ed. and Trans. Eugene Onegin : a novel in verse with commentary (1990)
Vladimir Nabokov, Notes on prosody once Abram Gannibae from the commentary to his translation of Pushkin's Eugene Onegin

Edmund Wilson, "The Strange Case of Pushkin and Nabokov," The New York Review of Books

READING WITH THE INDEX

Nabokov's translation and preface (4 Volumes)

March 24 The Idea of an Ideal Text (Is there a material "text?" or even a "book?" or "page"?)

DISCUSSION

Recommended Reading:

DENNIS DUNCAN, "Indexing Fictions" in Index, A History of: A Bookish Adventure from Medieval Manuscripts to the Digital Age (2022), pp. 171-202.

See also "Introduction," pp. 1-18 and "Point of Order," pp. 19-48

Dennis Duncan (Editor), Adam Smyth (Editor) Book Parts (2019)

Jane Austen, Emma, An Annotated Edition. Ed. Bharat Tandon (Belknap Press, 2012).

Which books does Emma read? See p. 58n.13.

Reading made easy: Leah Price, The Anthology and Rise of the Novel (quotable sound bites).

March 27:

REQUIRED READING:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, pp. 211-315 (Finish reading the novel.)

April 7

DISCUSSION and Required Reading:

John Keats, "The Eve of Saint Agnes" and "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" in Susan Wolfson, A Greeting of the Spirit: Selected Poetry of John Keats with Commentaries, pp. 248-68.

John Keats' Epitaph

Geoffrey Chaucer, The Knight's Tale

Leigh Hunt, The Story of Rimini

Thomas Chatterton, "An Excelente Balade of Charitie"

Edmund Spenser, "Sonnet XXII" from The Amoretti (1594)

SONNET. XXXII.

THE paynefull smith with force of feruent heat,
the hardest yron soone doth mollify:
that with his heauy sledge he can it beat,
and fashion to what he it list apply.
Yet cannot all these flames in which I fry,
her hart more harde then yron soft awhit;
ne all the playnts and prayers with which I
doe beat on th' anduyle of her stubberne wit:
But still the more she feruent sees my fit:
the more she frieseth in her wilfull pryde:
and harder growes the harder she is smit,
with all the playnts which to her be applyde.
What then remaines but I to ashes burne,
and she to stones at length all frosen turne?

James Thomson, The Castle of Indolence (1748)

April 10

REQUIRED READING:

John Keats, "The Eve of Saint Agnes" and "La Belle Dame Sans Merci" (also "Mercy" in a second version) with Susan Wolfson's commentary in A Greeting of the Spirit: Selected Poetry of John Keats with Commentaries, pp. 248-68.

Instead of DQs, turn in your notes on your two rereadings of the poems Thursday and Sunday.

April 12

REQUIRED READING:

1. William Wordsworth, Essays Upon Epitaphs (1810), pp. 642 and ff.

2. Paul De Man, "Autobiography as Defacement" MLN, Vol. 94, No. 5, Comparative Literature issue (Dec., 1979), pp. 919-930

Recommended Reading:

https://babel.hathitrust.org/cgi/pt?id=mdp.39015030808052&view=1up&seq=283&q1=%20pine

John Milton's "On Shakespeare" (1630)

The poem at the of Wordsworth's third essay on epitaphs is a version of a passage he published in his poem The Excursion (Book VII, 395-481)

Almost at the root
Of that tall Pine, the shadow of whose bare
And slender stem, while here I sit at eve,
Oft stretches tow'rds me, like a long straight path
Traced faintly in the green sward; there, beneath
A plain blue Stone, a gentle Dalesman lies,
From whom, in early childhood, was withdrawn
The precious gift of hearing. He grew up
From year to year in loneliness of soul;
And this deep mountain Valley was to him
Soundless, with all its streams. The bird of dawn
Did never rouse this Cottager from sleep
With startling summons; not for his delight
The vernal cuckoo shouted; not for him
Murmured the labouring bee. When stormy winds
Were working the broad bosom of the lake
Into a thousand thousand sparkling waves,
Rocking the trees, or driving cloud on cloud
Along the sharp edge of yon lofty crags,
The agitated scene before his eye
Was silent as a picture: evermore
Were all things silent, wheresoe'er he moved.
Yet, by the solace of his own pure thoughts
Upheld, he duteously pursued the round
Of rural labours; the steep mountain-side
Ascended with his staff and faithful dog;
The plough he guided, and the scythe he swayed;
And the ripe corn before his sickle fell
Among the jocund reapers. For himself,
All watchful and industrious as he was,
He wrought not; neither field nor flock he owned:
No wish for wealth had place within his mind;
Nor husband's love, nor father's hope or care.
Though born a younger Brother, need was none
That from the floor of his paternal home
He should depart, to plant himself anew.
And when, mature in manhood, he beheld
His Parents laid in earth, no loss ensued
Of rights to him; but he remained well pleased,
By the pure bond of independent love
An inmate of a second family,
The fellow-labourer and friend of him
To whom the small inheritance had fallen.
—Nor deem that his mild presence was a weight
That pressed upon his Brother's house, for books
Were ready comrades whom he could not tire,—
Of whose society the blameless Man
Was never satiate. Their familiar voice,
Even to old age, with unabated charm
Beguiled his leisure hours; refreshed his thoughts;
Beyond its natural elevation raised
His introverted spirit; and bestowed
Upon his life an outward dignity
Which all acknowledged. The dark winter night,
The stormy day, had each its own resource;
Song of the muses, sage historic tale,
Science severe, or word of holy Writ
Announcing immortality and joy
To the assembled spirits of the just,
From imperfection and decay secure.
—Thus soothed at home, thus busy in the field,
To no perverse suspicion he gave way,
No languor, peevishness, nor vain complaint:
And they, who were about him, did not fail
In reverence, or in courtesy; they prized
His gentle manners:—and his peaceful smiles,
The gleams of his slow-varying countenance,
Were met with answering sympathy and love.

?At length, when sixty years and five were told,
A slow disease insensibly consumed
The powers of nature; and a few short steps
Of friends and kindred bore him from his home
(Yon Cottage shaded by the woody crags)
To the profounder stillness of the grave.
—Nor was his funeral denied the grace
Of many tears, virtuous and thoughtful grief;
Heart-sorrow rendered sweet by gratitude.
And now that monumental Stone preserves
His name, and unambitiously relates
How long, and by what kindly outward aids,
And in what pure contentedness of mind,
The sad privation was by him endured.
—And yon tall Pine-tree, whose composing sound
Was wasted on the good Man's living ear,
Hath now its own peculiar sanctity;
And, at the touch of every wandering breeze,
Murmurs, not idly, o'er his peaceful grave.

William Wordsworth, "Yew-Trees"

There is a Yew-tree, pride of Lorton Vale,
Which to this day stands single, in the midst
Of its own darkness, as it stood of yore:
Not loathe to furnish weapons for the Bands
Of Umfraville or Percy ere they marched
To Scotland's heaths; or those that crossed the sea
And drew their sounding bows at Azincour,
Perhaps at earlier Crecy, or Poictiers.
Of vast circumference and gloom profound
This solitary Tree! -a living thing
Produced too slowly ever to decay;
Of form and aspect too magnificent
To be destroyed. But worthier still of note
Are those fraternal Four of Borrowdale,
Joined in one solemn and capacious grove;
Huge trunks! -and each particular trunk a growth
Of intertwisted fibres serpentine
Up-coiling, and inveteratley convolved, -
Nor uninformed with Fantasy, and looks
That threaten the profane; -a pillared shade,
Upon whose grassless floor of red-brown hue,
By sheddings from the pining umbrage tinged
Perennially -beneath whose sable roof
Of boughs, as if for festal purpose decked
With unrejoicing berries -ghostly Shapes
May meet at noontide: Fear and trembling Hope,
Silence and Foresight, Death the Skeleton
And Time the Shadow; there to celebrate,
As in a natural temple scattered o'er
With altars undisturbed of mossy stone,
United worship; or in mute repose
To lie, and listen to the mountain flood
Murmuring from Glaramara's inmost caves.

April 14 The Critic as Smartie or Dummy / On Incomprehensibility

REQUIRED READING:

Paul De Man, "The Concept of Irony" and "unreadability" (Allegories of Reading)

April 17 Reading What's There. But what, exactly, is "there"? What "is" there? And where is "there"?

Let's fold these questions into one and ask a question about the potentially readable: "what is there to be read?"

Required Reading:

T.S. Eliot, The Wasteland (1922) the published text without commentary or notes;

online facsimile of the published version

April 19 Author versus Art: Eliot and Céline

Required Reading:

The Wasteland, published text with marginal commentary with Eliot's endnotes

Alice Kaplan, "The Master of Blame," The New York Review of Books (July 21, 2022)

Adam Gopnick, "A Newly Discovered Céline Novel Creates a Stir," The New Yorker, Jun 15, 2022

The Holberg Lecture 2016: Stephen Greenblatt: "Shakespeare's Life-making"

"The Meanest Things Vladimir Nabokov Said About Other Writers"

MUSING UPON THE KING’S WRECK: T. S. ELIOT’S THE WASTE LAND

IN VLADIMIR NABOKOV’S PALE FIRE

April 21

DISCUSSION

Valerie Eliot, ed. The Waste Land: A Facsimile & Transcript of the Original Drafts Including the Annotations of Ezra Pound (2020) pp. Introduction, Ezra Pound's preface, and "I. Burial of the Dead" and "II.A Game at Chess"

April 24

Required Reading:

Lord Byrons' "Darkness"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43825/darkness-56d222aeeee1b

Shelley's "Ozymandias"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46565/ozymandias

Donne's "A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy's Day"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44122/a-nocturnal-upon-st-lucys-day

April 26 What is Close(d) Reading?

Annotated Editions of Byron and Donne (Click here.)

Lord Byrons' "Darkness"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/43825/darkness-56d222aeeee1b

Shelley's "Ozymandias"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/46565/ozymandias

Donne's "A Nocturnal upon St. Lucy's Day"

https://www.poetryfoundation.org/poems/44122/a-nocturnal-upon-st-lucys-day

NOTHING BELOW IS REQUIRED FOR THIS COURSE. YOU MAY IGNORE IT ALL.

Beginning with Poems; An Anthology Ed. Brower, Reuben A. (1966)

George, Lord Byron

So, we'll go no more a roving
So late into the night,
Though the heart be still as loving,
And the moon be still as bright.

For the sword outwears its sheath,
And the soul wears out the breast,
And the heart must pause to breathe,
And love itself have rest.

Though the night was made for loving,
And the day returns too soon,
Yet we'll go no more a roving
By the light of the moon.
You should read him with your students.

from The Princess: O Swallow

BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON

O Swallow, Swallow, flying, flying South,

Fly to her, and fall upon her gilded eaves,

And tell her, tell her, what I tell to thee.

O tell her, Swallow, thou that knowest each,

That bright and fierce and fickle is the South,

And dark and true and tender is the North.

O Swallow, Swallow, if I could follow, and light

Upon her lattice, I would pipe and trill,

And cheep and twitter twenty million loves.

O were I thou that she might take me in,

And lay me on her bosom, and her heart

Would rock the snowy cradle till I died.

Why lingereth she to clothe her heart with love,

Delaying as the tender ash delays

To clothe herself, when all the woods are green?

O tell her, Swallow, that thy brood is flown:

Say to her, I do but wanton in the South,

But in the North long since my nest is made.

O tell her, brief is life but love is long,

And brief the sun of summer in the North,

And brief the moon of beauty in the South.

O Swallow, flying from the golden woods,

Fly to her, and pipe and woo her, and make her mine,

And tell her, tell her, that I follow thee.

YOUR THIRD AND FINAL. Presented in class the final class of the semester.

On the google document linked below, construct a table of contents for the commentary in Pale Fire creating running titles to describe the note using five notes of your choice. You may cut and paste the notes from this website.You may consider your document an anthology of extracts. In 300 words, write a brief preface explaining the critical basis of your selection of extracts. Give the word counts for each note. And enter all of your BIG WORDS into the dictionary at the bottom of the google doc. Consult each other to make sure you don't select the same notes.

https://docs.google.com/document/d/1Tl6QdgPQsLloY8gk8UA4P_0UGk23DgBdkHKRp8JUP8s/edit

Your can use these tables of contents as a model. Here is Empson's:

Or consider this more playful use of chapter titles and subtitles:

See what the editor of this anthology of extracts did in
THE BEAUTIES OF STERNE: INCLUDING ALL HIS PATHETIC TALES, AND MOST DISTINGUISHED OBSERVATIONS ON LIFE. SELECTED FOR THE HEART OF SENSIBILITY.

See the strange summaries editors put at the end of each volume of Marcel Proust's In Search of Lost Time.

Ancient Greek shape poems

Reading discontinuously (skimming; skipping) Andrey Platonov, "Among Animals and Plants" in Soul (NYRB)

"Someone who cannot state what he means without ambiguity is not worth wasting time on."

Theodor Adorno, “Skoteinos, or How to Read Hegel” in Hegel: Three Studies, trans Shierry Weber Nicholson (MIT Press, 1993), p. 95

The only reader who does justice to Hegel is the one who does not denounce him for such indisputable weakness but instead perceives in that impulse in that weakness, who understands why this or that must be incomprehensible and in fact thereby understands it.
Hegel has a twofold expectation of his reader, not ill suited for the nature of the dialectic. The reader is to float along, to let himself be borne by the current and not force the momentary to linger. Otherwise he would change it, despite and through the greatest fidelity to it. On the other hand, the reader must develop a slow-motion procedure, to slow down the tempo at the cloudy places in such a way that they do not evaporate and their motion be seen. It is rare that these two modes of operation fall to the same act of reading. The act of reading has to separate into its polarities like the content itself.

Theodor Adorno, “Skoteinos, or How to Read Hegel” in Hegel: Three Studies, trans Shierry Weber Nicholson (MIT Press, 1993), p. 123

Titian, "Assumption-of-the-virgin"

Shade's poem, also called "Pale Fire," is autobiographical in content,
defiantly old-fashioned in its reliance on heroic couplets, and metaphysical
in theme like much of Nabokov's own poetry.' In canto 2 Shade
recalls his daughter Hazel, an unhappy social outcast who experiments with
the occult and eventually commits suicide in college. One vignette shows
her reading a literature assignment that Shade dismisses as "some phony
modem poem" (PF 46,1. 377), but that Botkin defends in his commentary
as the work of one of "the most distinguished poets of his day" (PF 194).
Here is the scene:
Or she'd be reading in her bedroom, next
To my fluorescent lair, and you would be
In your own study, twice removed from me.
And I would bear both voices now and then:
"Mother, what's grimpen?" "What is what?"
"Grim Pen."
Pause, and your guarded scholium. Then again:
"Mother, what's chtonic?" That, too, you'd explain,
Appending: "Would you like a tangerine?"
"No. Yes. And what does sempiternal mean?"
You'd hesitate. And lustily I'd roar
The answer from my desk through the closed door.
(PF 46, II. 364-74)
This key passage meant a lot to Nabokov, for in a published response to
some early essays on his work, he praised Peter Lubin for "absolutely dazzling"
scholarship in tracing all three words to Four Quartets.^ But much
more is at stake than simply noting that Shade's phony modem poet is T. S.
Eliot and that Nabokov is willing to endorse his character's verdict. For the
story of Hazel Shade radically transforms all three words so as to pinpoint
some key reasons for Nabokov's resistance to Eliot.^
An important point of departure for the poetry-reading scene was
Edmund Wilson. In 1958, or just before he started Pale Fire, Nabokov read
Wilson's 'T.S. Eliot and the Church of England."' [Wilson, Edmund, "T. S. Eliot and the Church of England," New. Republic, LVIII (April, 1929), 283-284.] Though their friendship
was waning, he was so impressed with the essay that he wrote to call it
"absolutely wonderful," and insisted that "Eliot's image will never be the
same" (NWL 326). Actually Wilson says little about Eliot's poetry, but he
does sharply criticize the basic tendency of his later career, as crystallized by
his declaration for classicism in literature, royalism in politics, and Anglo-
Catholicism in religion. For Nabokov, given his father's anti-tsarist politics
and his death from the gun of a Russian monarchist, even Eliot's royalism
222 Epilogue
probably wakened conflicting feelings; but in Pale Fire he concentrates on
the religious and literary facets of Eliot's image. In line with the metaphysical
slant of John Shade's poem, every word mentioned by flazel evokes the
Anglo-Catholic spirituality of Four Quartets. But her story as a whole pointedly
transforms the meaning of the words, so that they convey a different
metaphysics while at the same time contesting Eliot's original literary
methods.
Eliot's Anglo-Catholic spirit is particularly striking in "grimpen," a local
topographical term that suitably anglicizes Dante's journey through a dark
wood. Referring to a swamp in the west of England, the word appears in
"East Coker," the second of the four quartets, whose title comes from a
village in the same region;
In the middle, not only in the middle of the way
But all the way, in a dark wood, in a bramble
On the edge of a grimpen, where is no secure foothold.'
"Chtonic," Hazel's mispronunciation of "chthonic," appears in the next
quartet, "The Dry Salvages." It establishes a more broadly Catholic context
by evoking the soul's alienation from an Aristotelian and scholastic God, the
unmoved mover:
... action were otherwise movement
Of that which is only moved
And has in it no source of movement—
Driven by daemonic, chthonic
Powers."
"Sempiternal" is used in "Little Gidding," the last quartet, to describe an
unusual day of thaw in midwinter. It launches an even broader religious
conceit, which likens this disruption of the natural cycle to a transcendence
of time attained through spiritual insight:
Midwinter spring is its own season
Sempiternal though sodden toward sundown.
Suspended in time, between pole and tropic.
When the short day is brightest, with frost and fire.
The brief sun flames the ice, on pond and ditches.
And glow more intense than blaze of branch, or brazier
Stirs the dumb spirit: no wind, but pentecostal fire."
In "Pale Fire," as Nabokov cannibalizes Eliot's language by ingeniously
making it serve his own purposes, this Anglo-Catholic metaphysics yields to
a teasingly mysterious aura of fatality. In contrast to the commentary, where
Botkin vainly looks for an omen of Hazel's death among her ambiguous
Promt over Eliot in Pale Fire 223
notes on spiritualist phenomena (PF 188-89),'^ Shade's poem reveals that
omen through Eliot's language, whose most literal meanings in Four Quartets
tell the where, when, and why of Hazel's suicide. "Grimpen" predicts
the swamp in which she will drown herself, "sempitemal" the unseasonable
thaw that makes it possible for her to fall through the ice, and "chthonic"
the state of psychological distress that led her to take her life. Moreover,
when "grimpen" is repeated as "Grim Pen," the motive behind Shade's
transformation of Eliot becomes evident, for now the word suggests a preestablished
pattern that moves relentlessly toward a tragic outcome. But,
since no first reader of the poem could be expected to grasp this point, the
grimness of fate remains an interpretation after the fact. The ultimate
sources of meaning are inscmtable before anything else, or as Shade says at
one point in his poem, they are "aloof and mute" (PF 63,1. 318). Even as
Nabokov's poet uses Eliot's words to suggest a fatalistic metaphysics,
he implies that the pattern of fate is radically unknowable except in retrospect.
Closely associated with these metaphysical differences are differences in
language use that have a direct bearing on Nabokov's attitude toward Anglo-
American high modernism as represented by Eliot. Thus Nabokov's strong
sense that ultimate meanings are inscrutable accounts for his decision to
make Eliot's words more concrete. Where so little is tmly certain, at least
the immediate and the specific can be tmsted. Hence Nabokov's techniques
of characterization and description focus on the individual and the empirical,
in contrast to Eliot's more generalized and symbolic approach.
"Chthonic" typifies the presentation of character in the Four Quartets,
which depends on first principles and discounts individuality: before Eliot
even uses this adjective, which does not apply to any particular person, he
must refer to the whole system of thought based on Aristotle's unmoved
mover. Nabokov, on the other hand, makes "chthonic" an attribute of Hazel
Shade's unique personality. By the time he introduces this term as a possible
name for her distress, she already exists as a definite character, with a
pained smile and swollen feet, with academic prizes and dateless football
weekends. Nabokov has substituted a character study grounded in specifics
for Eliot's broad typology derived from scholasticism.
This empirical approach carries over to Nabokov's descriptions, which
focus on natural particulars instead of symbols. In Eliot's picture of a midwinter
thaw, "sempiternal" is the cmcial word. It tums the natural scene
into a spiritual intuition, thus fulfilling the symbolist's aim of evoking an
enduring realm of meaning beyond this world. But in Nabokov, if "sempiternal"
is to say when Hazel's death will occur, Eliot's intention must be reversed.
Not the movement toward spiritual insight.but the original description
of spring in midwinter is the real point, as the scene of Hazel's death
makes clear:
224 Epilogue
It was a night of thaw, a night of blow
With great excitement in the air. Black spring
Stood just around the comer, shivering
In the wet starlight and on the wet ground.
The lake lay in the mist, its ice half drowned.
(PF 50-51,11.494-98)
The natural scene in itself has replaced what had been an occasion for symbolist
transcendence.
Finally, and most important, the differences in Eliot's and Nabokov's
metaphysics correspond to a sharp contrast in basic literary strategies. Implicit
in Eliot's Anglo-Catholicism is a heightened sense of cultural continuities,
especially religious and theological ones, and this sense of continuity
also explains his long-standing interest in myth as a principle of literary
organization. At the time of The Waste Land, in a comment on Joyce's Ulysses
that influenced many later definitions of modernism in the Englishspeaking
world, Eliot announced, "Instead of narrative method, we may
now use the mythical method."" Even in the generally less modernist Four
Quartets, this method is still cracial, with "grimpen" a case in point as a
west-of-England restatement of Dante's Christian metaphor from centuries
before. Nabokov, however, viewed the systematic, all-embracing use of
myth as an artistic mistake, and, as already noted in discussing the Joyce
echoes in The Gift, his Lectures on Literature in the mid-1950s had contested
Eliot's position by sharply criticizing the Homeric references in Ulysses.
Pale Fire continues the attack on another front by showing the expressive
power of narrative method, the very approach Eliot had rejected forty
years before. An ingenious story line serves to convey the mysteriousness of
destiny, the "Grim Pen" of fate that encloses Hazel Shade. The poem
thereby seeks to create a fictional world of "correlated pattern" (PF 63,1.
813), as Shade calls it, in which Hazel's story will move forward with gathering
momentum to a point where the reader can look back and recognize
Eliot's words as an omen. In a classic demonstration of those two aspects of
plot that Peter Brooks has called action and enigma," the unfolding events
and the moment of retrospeetive knowledge have joined to act out a fatalistic
metaphysics.
Because it depends so closely on an intricate plot that questions the value
of Eliot's "mythical method," the peculiar retrospective fatalism of Hazel's
story deserves to be called a narrative metaphysics. Within the poem "Pale
Fire," of course, this narrative metaphysics coexists with Shade's muchquoted
poetic metaphysics of combinational delight. For Shade, rhyme and
meter are cosmic universals, giving him a euphoric feeling of "fantastically
planned,/Richly rhymed life" where "if my private universe scans right,/So
does the verse of galaxies divine/Which I suspect is an iambic line" (PF
Proust over Eliot in Pale Fire 225
68-69,11. 969-70, 974-76). But in the end a more all-embracing narrative
structure prevails over the poetry. Shade links his poetic faith to the reasonable
certainty that he will waken the next day, but the preceding evening he
repeats his daughter's encounter with a grimmer pattern. Just as in his first
premonition of death as a child, described in canto 1 of the poem (PF 38,1.
144), he sees a gardener with a wheelbarrow (PF 69,11. 998-99). Shortly
afterwards he is mistakenly murdered by Jack Grey, an escaped convict who
believes Shade is the judge who sent him to prison.
As a reworking of Eliot, the flazel Shade episode has shuttled between
basic metaphysical assumptions and corresponding issues of literary technique.
In general outlook her story has changed the Anglo-Catholic spiritual
quest of the Four Quartets to a fatalism tinged with uncertainty, and this
awareness of uncertainty accounts for the element of intense empiricism in
Nabokov's approach.

John Burt Foster Jr., Nabokov's Art of Memory and European Modemism (1993), 221-25

John Burt Foster, Jr. "Nabokov before Proust: The Paradox of Anticipatory Memory"

The Slavic and East European Journal, Vol. 33, No. 1 (Spring, 1989), pp. 78-94

T. S Eliot, For Lancelot Andrewes: Essays on Style and Order

"Textual Sacraments: Capturing the Numinous in the Sermons of Lancelot Andrewes," Noam Reisner Renaissance Studies, Vol. 21, No. 5 (NOVEMBER 2007), pp. 662-678

T. S. Eliot, George Herbert

Stanley Eugene Fish, Seventeenth-century Prose: Modern Essays in Criticism

XCVI Sermons by the Right Honorable and Reverend Father in God, Lancelot Andrewes, Late Bishop of Winchester (London, 1629), p. 126.

George Herbert, A Priest to the Temple; Or, The Country Parson, His Character, and Rule of Holy Life (London, 1671), pp. 22–23. https://quod.lib.umich.edu/e/eebo/A43381.0001.001?view=toc

https://archive.org/details/priesttotempleor00herb/mode/1up?ref=ol&view=theater

"In Vermont, a School and Artist Fight Over Murals of Slavery"

"Created to depict the brutality of enslavement, the works are seen by some as offensive. The school wants them permanently covered. The artist says they are historically important."

(Feb. 21, 2023)

Felman, Shoshana, Literature and psychoanalysis : the question of reading, otherwise 1982

Felman, Shoshana La folie et la chose littéraire1978

Vincent Lloyd, "A Black Professor Trapped in Anti-Racist Hell" February 10, 2023

Stéphane Mallarmé, Henry Michael Weinfield (Translator), Henry Michael Weinfield (Commentary) Collected Poems of Mallarmé A Bilingual Edition (2011)

Sonnet "Ses pur ongle très-haut ..." ("De scintitlations sitôt le septour") Do the alliterative sounds "scin, si, and sept" convert the three words into the numbers cinque, six, sept (five, six, seven)?

See the last three lines:

Elle, défunte nue en le miroir, encor
Que, dans l'oubli fermé par le cadre, se fixe
De scintillations sitôt le septuor.

Maria Parrino, “His Master’s Voice: Sound Devices in Bram Stoker’s Dracula
« La voix de son maître » : dispositifs sonores dans Dracula de Bram Stoker
https://doi.org/10.4000/cve.9789

Jennifer Wicke. "Vampiric Typewriting: Dracula and Its Media." ELH, Vol. 59, No. 2 (Summer, 1992), pp. 467-493.
Avital Ronell. The Telephone Book. Technology, Schizophrenia, Electric Speech. 484 pages. Illus. Paperback. July 1991
Laurence Rickels. The Vampire Lectures. University of Minnesota Press 1999

Andreas Sommer, “Psychical Research and the Origins of American Psychology: Hugo Münsterberg, William James and Eusapia Palladino,” in Hist Human Sci. 2012 April 25 (2): 23–44.

https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3552602/

The very enterprise of appropriating meaning is thus reveal- ed to be the strict appropriation of precisely nothing-nothing alive, at least: "le demontage impie de la fiction et consequemment du mecanisme litteraire," writes Mallarmé, "pour étaler la piece prin-cipale ou rien (...) le conscient manque chez nous de ce qui la-haut eclate." n47

n47 "The impious dismantling of fiction and consequently of the literary mechanism as such in an effort to display the principal part or nothing, (...) the conscious lack(s) within us of what, above, bursts out and splits": Mallarme, La Musique et les Lettres, in Oeuvres Completes (Paris: Pleiade, 1945), p. 647; my translation.

p. 174

La musique et les lettres / par Stéphane Mallarmé - Gallica - BnF https://gallica.bnf.fr › ark:

La musique et les lettres / par Stéphane Mallarmé Mallarmé, Stéphane (1842-1898). Auteur du texte. Ce document est disponible en mode texte ..

https://books.googleusercontent.com/books/content?req=AKW5QaduS9T5QX3ROpvBZH7EY7fUptUfGvIqlAJJLJ9ZfNoqGp4Lw8zSqOT4rLyAJbBx5ctqZA_dCWLGJZlO3A4lBtLgL698S_osSpv49R57KwOYAzz26o3Zp7zPFZHnSvWdowdNI8Ki0M2jhZdrjGDv0GILz7GtmIFsL3fUF54euBJSgG7dSeNKvMV1YJGQqUG9kmkTPx0DzJaacAscsewA0JuOIBiLrX-6nMrcduwubsJBgwqIrnECOBkpTKUxkir12yxQb0rdizBPu36tL0lFvzbDCqk0Rg

In order to include all students in class discussion, and in order to make it easier for you to read closely and thereby improve your own writing, I have changed our discussion format for the rest of the semester. We will close read the assigned text sentence by sentence, the way we read the autobiographical story Freud tells in his essay on Gradiva earlier this semester. Discussion co-leaders and I will call on a student at random and ask that student to read a specific sentence out loud and then to close read it. If the student is unable to read the sentence closely, the co-leaders will call on another student and ask that student to read a specific sentence out loud and then to close read it. We will continue to discuss the same sentence until a student reads it closely. We will then proceed in the same fashion with the next sentence. And so on. Due to time constraints and because close reading is slow reading, we will skip parts of the assigned text, but we will always be talking and only be talking about words, syntax, punctuation, paragraphing, and narration in the text. As we move through the text, we will be able to make more general comments about parts of it. If students have comments to add on the sentence under discussion, they may raise their hands and make them once they have been called on by the co-leaders or me.

In order to learn the names of all the students in the class, I will call roll at the beginning of class. As I state on the requirements webpage, if you are late to class, I consider you absent.

Here is what I have written on the requirements webpage:

"Attendance means not only being in class, but includes completing the assigned work for each class by the time it is due and arriving to class on time. (If you arrive late to class or if you don't do the discussion questions, you are counted as absent.)

I will be asking you to learn how to do something no one may ever have asked you to do: it's called close reading. (Please do not confuse being moralistic and judgmental--"it didn't do 'x' and it should have done!"--with being critical--"why is the work doing what it is doing the way it is doing it?")."

Close reading means paying attention to language, to the words the author has used, the order in which they are used, and appreciating how well they are used. It means paying attention not to what is said but to how it is said; it means paying attention to the structure of sentences and the structure of the narrative; it means paying attention to tropes such as metaphor, metonymy, and irony, among others; it means being alert to allusions a work of literature makes to other works of literature.

See Cleanth Brooks, "The Heresy of Paraphrase," in The Well-Wrought Urn.

Close reading is a practice designed for literature, for texts that are extremely well-written. Literature is universal. Literature is often difficult to write. And it is often difficult to read. Not just anyone can write it. And not just anyone can read it closely. (If you do not know how to write a grammatical sentence or how to punctuate or how to use words correctly, you cannot learn how to read closely.) All writers of literature are excellent close readers. They know humongous amounts of (big) words.

Let me remind you of the format for discussion questions:

Example of the word document format for discussion questions due Mondays by 5:00 p.m.:

Your name in the upper left corner.

Discussion Questions

1. (Give the page number(s) or quote enough of the text for us to be able to find the passage you are discussing)

2. (Give the page number(s) or quote enough of the text for us to be able to find the passage you are discussing)

Three Big Words (on each assigned reading)

a. Write down the word and give the definition. Cut and paste the sentence where the word is used.

b. Write down the word and give the definition. Cut and paste the sentence where the word is used.

NOTE: Your discussions questions are limited to the texts and films. Do not use them as prompts to talk about something else. Ask about the formal structures of the texts and films, not about the author or historical context. Do not ask speculative questions. They cannot be answered and so are not productive for discussion.

And all the movement Charlotte Brontë remarks, from her own experience, that the writer says more than he knows, and is emphatic that this was the case with Emily. "Having formed these beings, she did not know what she had done." Of course this strikes us as no more than common sense, though Charlotte chooses to attribute it to Emily's ignorance of the world. A narrative is not a transcription of something pre-existent. And this is precisely the situation represented by Lockwood's play with the names he does not understand, his constituting out of any scribbles, a rebus for the plot of the novel he's involved in. The situation indicates the kind of work we must do when a narrative opens itself to us, and contains information in excess of what generic probability requires."
--Frank Kermode, "A Modern Way with the Classic"
New Literary History Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1974), pp. 415-434; pp. 419-20 (Bolded emphases, mine)

April 17 The critic as an incredibly learned, mad genius

Required Reading:

Stephen Booth, Ed. Shakespeares Sonnets, preface, facing page facsimiles and modernized sonnets, and commentary. (Yale UP, 1977)

April 19

Required Reading:

“I should now get back to the value of unmade puns.” p. 195

Stephen Booth, Shakespeare Sonnets (Yale UP, 1977)

April 21

DISCUSSION

See also, p. 537
For other related ideas p. 537
However, see the p. 536
Note that sonnets 153 and 154 are in a poetic tradition . . . [see 45 and notes, and compare such exercises tin oxymorons to Drayton, "When I first ended, then I first began” and “Those teares, which quench my hope” [No bibliographical data given for the sources of these lines] and sonnet 30 of Spenser’s Amoretti].
Note also, p. 536

14. Vade. So Q. Dowden, adopting this form, refers to Passionate
Pilgrim, x. i, "Sweet rose, fair flower, untimely pluck'd, soon
vaded."
http://www.shakespeare-online.com/sonnets/54.html

April 24

Required Reading:

Stephen Booth, Ed. Shakespeares Sonnets, preface, facing page facsimiles of the quarto sonnets and Booth's transcription modernized , and commentary. (Yale UP, 1977)

versus Helen Vendler, ed. The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets(Harvard UP, 1997)

Helen Vendler, The Art of Shakespeare's Sonnets (1977)

April 26 Critic as Ho(st)LY FoOl Either You Criss or You Cross (Out or Off)

Required Reading:

GEORGE HERBERT, "LOVE (III)"

Recommended Reading:

Prayer and Power- George Herbert and Renaissance Courtship

Cabinet Magazine

Sigmund Freud, Delusion and Dream An Interpretation in the Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, Parts II, III, IV, and the postscript to the second edition, pp. 41-95

Recommended Reading:

Radical misreading of Freud's essay by Marianna Torgovnick in Gone Primitive: Savage Intellects, Modern Lives, p. 208. The basis of her criticism of Freud is her misspelling of "Gradiva" as "Gravida."

Jacques Derrida, "Archive Fever: A Freudian Impression," pp. 53-60

Daniel Orrells, "Derrida's Impression of Gradiva: Archive Fever and Antiquity," in Derrida and Antiquity

Predatory Reading vs. Literary Criticism

How to Read a Book 1940 edition

How to Read a Book 1966 edition

How To Read A Book 1972 Edition

John T. Irwin ,"Mysteries We Reread, Mysteries of Rereading: Poe, Borges, and the Analytic Detective Story; Also Lacan, Derrida, and Johnson" MLN, Vol. 101, No. 5, Comparative Literature (Dec., 1986), pp. 1168- 1215

The plays and poems of William Shakspeare : in ten volumes : collated verbatim with the most authentick copies, and revised, with the corrections and illustrations of various commentators : to which are added, an essay on the chronological order of his plays; an essay relative to Shakspeare and Jonson [sic]; a dissertation on the three parts of King Henry VI; an historical account of the English stage; and notes: Vol 10. Includes thre Sonnets; Eliot, T. S. "From Proust to Valery, To Criticize the Critic, and Other Writings

Cody Rose Clevidence, Dearth & God's Green Mirth (2022)

John Milton, Paradise Lost (1667 edition) / (1688 edition)

Salon des Refusés (1863)

JAMES SMITH & HORACE SMITH, REJECTED ADDRESSES: OR, THE NEW THEATRUM POETARUM (1833)

William McGinn, "Don Juan Unread" (1819)

"As gross we read, as where's the need, / To wade through Don Giovanni."

Lord Byron, Don Juan (1859)

Laurence Sterne, Tristram Shandy, "Excummunicato" Dashed Out Writing

The Wife of Bath as one of the first cancellers of literature. Holy Fire

Wife of Bath tale book burning destruction
Reading for pleasure Chaucer
587   Whan that my fourthe housbonde was on beere,
When my fourth husband was on the funeral bier,
588   I weep algate, and made sory cheere,
I wept continuously, and acted sorry,
589   As wyves mooten, for it is usage,
As wives must do, for it is the custom,
590   And with my coverchief covered my visage,
And with my kerchief covered my face,
591   But for that I was purveyed of a make,
But because I was provided with a mate,
592   I wepte but smal, and that I undertake.
I wept but little, and that I affirm.
593   To chirche was myn housbonde born a-morwe
To church was my husband carried in the morning
594   With neighebores, that for hym maden sorwe;
By neighbors, who for him made sorrow;
595   And Jankyn, oure clerk, was oon of tho.
And Jankin, our clerk, was one of those.
596   As help me God, whan that I saugh hym go
As help me God, when I saw him go
597   After the beere, me thoughte he hadde a paire
After the bier, I thought he had a pair
598   Of legges and of feet so clene and faire
Of legs and of feet so neat and fair
599   That al myn herte I yaf unto his hoold.
That all my heart I gave unto his keeping.
600   He was, I trowe, twenty wynter oold,
He was, I believe, twenty years old,
601   And I was fourty, if I shal seye sooth;
And I was forty, if I shall tell the truth;
602   But yet I hadde alwey a coltes tooth.
But yet I had always a colt's tooth.
603   Gat-tothed I was, and that bicam me weel;
With teeth set wide apart I was, and that became me well;
604   I hadde the prente of seinte Venus seel.
I had the print of Saint Venus's seal.
605   As help me God, I was a lusty oon,
As help me God, I was a lusty one,
606   And faire, and riche, and yong, and wel bigon,
And fair, and rich, and young, and well fixed,
607   And trewely, as myne housbondes tolde me,
And truly, as my husbands told me,
608   I hadde the beste quoniam myghte be.
I had the best pudendum that might be.
609   For certes, I am al Venerien
For certainly, I am all influenced by Venus
610   In feelynge, and myn herte is Marcien.
In feeling, and my heart is influenced by Mars.
611   Venus me yaf my lust, my likerousnesse,
Venus me gave my lust, my amorousness,
612   And Mars yaf me my sturdy hardynesse;
And Mars gave me my sturdy boldness;
613   Myn ascendent was Taur, and Mars therinne.
My ascendant was Taurus, and Mars was therein.
614   Allas, allas! That evere love was synne!
Alas, alas! That ever love was sin!
615   I folwed ay myn inclinacioun
I followed always my inclination
616   By vertu of my constellacioun;
By virtue of the state of the heavens at my birth;
617   That made me I koude noght withdrawe
That made me that I could not withdraw
618   My chambre of Venus from a good felawe.
My chamber of Venus from a good fellow.
619   Yet have I Martes mark upon my face,
Yet have I Mars' mark upon my face,
620   And also in another privee place.
And also in another private place.
621   For God so wys be my savacioun,
For as God may be my salvation,
622   I ne loved nevere by no discrecioun,
I never loved in moderation,
623   But evere folwede myn appetit,
But always followed my appetite,
624   Al were he short, or long, or blak, or whit;
Whether he were short, or tall, or black-haired, or blond;
625   I took no kep, so that he liked me,
I took no notice, provided that he pleased me,
626   How poore he was, ne eek of what degree.
How poor he was, nor also of what rank.
627   What sholde I seye but, at the monthes ende,
What should I say but, at the month's end,
628   This joly clerk, Jankyn, that was so hende,
This jolly clerk, Jankin, that was so courteous,
629   Hath wedded me with greet solempnytee,
Has wedded me with great solemnity,
630   And to hym yaf I al the lond and fee
And to him I gave all the land and property
631   That evere was me yeven therbifoore.
That ever was given to me before then.
632   But afterward repented me ful soore;
But afterward I repented very bitterly;
633   He nolde suffre nothyng of my list.
He would not allow me anything of my desires.
634   By God, he smoot me ones on the lyst,
By God, he hit me once on the ear,
635   For that I rente out of his book a leef,
Because I tore a leaf out of his book,
636   That of the strook myn ere wax al deef.
So that of the stroke my ear became all deaf.
637   Stibourn I was as is a leonesse,
I was as stubborn as is a lioness,
638   And of my tonge a verray jangleresse,
And of my tongue a true chatterbox,
639   And walke I wolde, as I had doon biforn,
And I would walk, as I had done before,
640   From hous to hous, although he had it sworn;
From house to house, although he had sworn the contrary;
641   For which he often tymes wolde preche,
For which he often times would preach,
642   And me of olde Romayn geestes teche;
And teach me of old Roman stories;
643   How he Symplicius Gallus lefte his wyf,
How he, Simplicius Gallus, left his wife,
644   And hire forsook for terme of al his lyf,
And forsook her for rest of all his life,
645   Noght but for open-heveded he hir say
Because of nothing but because he saw her bare-headed
646   Lookynge out at his dore upon a day.
Looking out at his door one day.
647   Another Romayn tolde he me by name,
Another Roman he told me by name,
648   That, for his wyf was at a someres game
Who, because his wife was at a midsummer revel
649   Withouten his wityng, he forsook hire eke.
Without his knowledge, he forsook her also.
650   And thanne wolde he upon his Bible seke
And then he would seek in his Bible
651   That ilke proverbe of Ecclesiaste
That same proverb of Ecclesiasticus
652   Where he comandeth and forbedeth faste
Where he commands and strictly forbids that
653   Man shal nat suffre his wyf go roule aboute.
Man should suffer his wife go wander about.
654   Thanne wolde he seye right thus, withouten doute:
Then would he say right thus, without doubt:
655   `Whoso that buyldeth his hous al of salwes,
`Whoever builds his house all of willow twigs,
656   And priketh his blynde hors over the falwes,
And spurs his blind horse over the open fields,
657   And suffreth his wyf to go seken halwes,
And suffers his wife to go on pilgrimages,
658   Is worthy to been hanged on the galwes!'
Is worthy to be hanged on the gallows!'
659   But al for noght, I sette noght an hawe
But all for nothing, I gave not a hawthorn berry
660   Of his proverbes n' of his olde sawe,
For his proverbs nor for his old sayings,
661   Ne I wolde nat of hym corrected be.
Nor would I be corrected by him.
662   I hate hym that my vices telleth me,
I hate him who tells me my vices,
663   And so doo mo, God woot, of us than I.
And so do more of us, God knows, than I.
664   This made hym with me wood al outrely;
This made him all utterly furious with me;
665   I nolde noght forbere hym in no cas.
I would not put up with him in any way.
666   Now wol I seye yow sooth, by Seint Thomas,
Now will I tell you the truth, by Saint Thomas,
667   Why that I rente out of his book a leef,
Why I tore a leaf out of his book,
668   For which he smoot me so that I was deef.
For which he hit me so hard that I was deaf.
669   He hadde a book that gladly, nyght and day,
He had a book that regularly, night and day,
670   For his desport he wolde rede alway;
For his amusement he would always read;
671   He cleped it Valerie and Theofraste,
He called it Valerie and Theofrastus,
672   At which book he lough alwey ful faste.
At which book he always heartily laughed.
673   And eek ther was somtyme a clerk at Rome,
And also there was once a clerk at Rome,
674   A cardinal, that highte Seint Jerome,
A cardinal, who is called Saint Jerome,
675   That made a book agayn Jovinian;
That made a book against Jovinian;
676   In which book eek ther was Tertulan,
In which book also there was Tertullian,
677   Crisippus, Trotula, and Helowys,
Crisippus, Trotula, and Heloise,
678   That was abbesse nat fer fro Parys,
Who was abbess not far from Paris,
679   And eek the Parables of Salomon,
And also the Parables of Salomon,
680   Ovides Art, and bookes many on,
Ovid's Art, and many other books,
681   And alle thise were bounden in o volume.
And all these were bound in one volume.
682   And every nyght and day was his custume,
And every night and day was his custom,
683   Whan he hadde leyser and vacacioun
When he had leisure and spare time
684   From oother worldly occupacioun,
From other worldly occupations,
685   To reden on this book of wikked wyves.
To read in this book of wicked wives.
686   He knew of hem mo legendes and lyves
He knew of them more legends and lives
687   Than been of goode wyves in the Bible.
Than are of good women in the Bible.
688   For trusteth wel, it is an impossible
For trust well, it is an impossibility
689   That any clerk wol speke good of wyves,
That any clerk will speak good of women,
690   But if it be of hooly seintes lyves,
Unless it be of holy saints' lives,
691   Ne of noon oother womman never the mo.
Nor of any other woman in any way.
692   Who peyntede the leon, tel me who?
Who painted the lion, tell me who?
693   By God, if wommen hadde writen stories,
By God, if women had written stories,
694   As clerkes han withinne hire oratories,
As clerks have within their studies,
695   They wolde han writen of men moore wikkednesse
They would have written of men more wickedness
696   Than al the mark of Adam may redresse.
Than all the male sex could set right.
697   The children of Mercurie and of Venus
The children of Mercury (clerks) and of Venus (lovers)
698   Been in hir wirkyng ful contrarius;
Are directly contrary in their actions;
699   Mercurie loveth wysdam and science,
Mercury loves wisdom and knowledge,
700   And Venus loveth ryot and dispence.
And Venus loves riot and extravagant expenditures.
701   And, for hire diverse disposicioun,
And, because of their diverse dispositions,
702   Ech falleth in otheres exaltacioun.
Each falls in the other's most powerful astronomical sign.
703   And thus, God woot, Mercurie is desolat
And thus, God knows, Mercury is powerless
704   In Pisces, wher Venus is exaltat,
In Pisces (the Fish), where Venus is exalted,
705   And Venus falleth ther Mercurie is reysed.
And Venus falls where Mercury is raised.
706   Therfore no womman of no clerk is preysed.
Therefore no woman is praised by any clerk.
707   The clerk, whan he is oold, and may noght do
The clerk, when he is old, and can not do
708   Of Venus werkes worth his olde sho,
Any of Venus's works worth his old shoe,
709   Thanne sit he doun, and writ in his dotage
Then he sits down, and writes in his dotage
710   That wommen kan nat kepe hir mariage!
That women can not keep their marriage!
711   But now to purpos, why I tolde thee
But now to the point, why I told thee
712   That I was beten for a book, pardee!
That I was beaten for a book, by God!
713   Upon a nyght Jankyn, that was oure sire,
Upon a night Jankin, that was master of our house,
714   Redde on his book, as he sat by the fire,
Read on his book, as he sat by the fire,
715   Of Eva first, that for hir wikkednesse
Of Eve first, how for her wickedness
716   Was al mankynde broght to wrecchednesse,
All mankind was brought to wretchedness,
717   For which that Jhesu Crist hymself was slayn,
For which Jesus Christ himself was slain,
718   That boghte us with his herte blood agayn.
Who bought us back with his heart's blood.
719   Lo, heere expres of womman may ye fynde
Lo, here clearly of woman you may find
720   That womman was the los of al mankynde.
That woman was the cause of the loss of all mankind.
721   Tho redde he me how Sampson loste his heres:
Then he read me how Sampson lost his hair:
722   Slepynge, his lemman kitte it with hir sheres;
Sleeping, his lover cut it with her shears;
723   Thurgh which treson loste he bothe his yen.
Through which treason he lost both his eyes.
724   Tho redde he me, if that I shal nat lyen,
Then he read to me, if I shall not lie,
725   Of Hercules and of his Dianyre,
Of Hercules and of his Dianyre,
726   That caused hym to sette hymself afyre.
Who caused him to set himself on fire.
727   No thyng forgat he the care and the wo
He forgot not a bit of the care and the woe
728   That Socrates hadde with his wyves two,
That Socrates had with his two wives,
729   How Xantippa caste pisse upon his heed.
How Xantippa caste piss upon his head.
730   This sely man sat stille as he were deed;
This poor man sat still as if he were dead;
731   He wiped his heed, namoore dorste he seyn,
He wiped his head, no more dared he say,
732   But `Er that thonder stynte, comth a reyn!'
But `Before thunder stops, there comes a rain!'
733   Of Phasipha, that was the queene of Crete,
Of Phasipha, that was the queen of Crete,
734   For shrewednesse, hym thoughte the tale swete;
For sheer malignancy, he thought the tale sweet;
735   Fy! Spek namoore -- it is a grisly thyng --
Fie! Speak no more -- it is a grisly thing --
736   Of hire horrible lust and hir likyng.
Of her horrible lust and her pleasure.
737   Of Clitermystra, for hire lecherye,
Of Clitermystra, for her lechery,
738   That falsly made hire housbonde for to dye,
That falsely made her husband to die,
739   He redde it with ful good devocioun.
He read it with very good devotion.
740   He tolde me eek for what occasioun
He told me also for what occasion
741   Amphiorax at Thebes loste his lyf.
Amphiorax at Thebes lost his life.
742   Myn housbonde hadde a legende of his wyf,
My husband had a legend of his wife,
743   Eriphilem, that for an ouche of gold
Eriphilem, that for a brooch of gold
744   Hath prively unto the Grekes told
Has secretly unto the Greeks told
745   Wher that hir housbonde hidde hym in a place,
Where her husband hid him in a place,
746   For which he hadde at Thebes sory grace.
For which he had at Thebes a sad fate.
747   Of Lyvia tolde he me, and of Lucye:
Of Livia told he me, and of Lucie:
748   They bothe made hir housbondes for to dye,
They both made their husbands to die,
749   That oon for love, that oother was for hate.
That one for love, that other was for hate.
750   Lyvia hir housbonde, on an even late,
Livia her husband, on a late evening,
751   Empoysoned hath, for that she was his fo;
Has poisoned, because she was his foe;
752   Lucia, likerous, loved hire housbonde so
Lucia, lecherous, loved her husband so much
753   That, for he sholde alwey upon hire thynke,
That, so that he should always think upon her,
754   She yaf hym swich a manere love-drynke
She gave him such a sort of love-drink
755   That he was deed er it were by the morwe;
That he was dead before it was morning;
756   And thus algates housbondes han sorwe.
And thus always husbands have sorrow.
757   Thanne tolde he me how oon Latumyus
Then he told me how one Latumius
758   Compleyned unto his felawe Arrius
Complained unto his fellow Arrius
759   That in his gardyn growed swich a tree
That in his garden grew such a tree
760   On which he seyde how that his wyves thre
On which he said how his three wives
761   Hanged hemself for herte despitus.
Hanged themselves for the malice of their hearts
762   `O leeve brother,' quod this Arrius,
`O dear brother,' this Arrius said,
763   `Yif me a plante of thilke blissed tree,
`Give me a shoot of that same blessed tree,
764   And in my gardyn planted shal it bee.'
And in my garden shall it be planted.'
765   Of latter date, of wyves hath he red
Of latter date, of wives has he read
766   That somme han slayn hir housbondes in hir bed,
That some have slain their husbands in their bed,
767   And lete hir lecchour dighte hire al the nyght,
And let her lecher copulate with her all the night,
768   Whan that the corps lay in the floor upright.
When the corpse lay in the floor flat on its back.
769   And somme han dryve nayles in hir brayn,
And some have driven nails in their brains,
770   Whil that they slepte, and thus they had hem slayn.
While they slept, and thus they had them slain.
771   Somme han hem yeve poysoun in hire drynke.
Some have given them poison in their drink.
772   He spak moore harm than herte may bithynke,
He spoke more harm than heart may imagine,
773   And therwithal he knew of mo proverbes
And concerning this he knew of more proverbs
774   Than in this world ther growen gras or herbes.
Than in this world there grow grass or herbs.
775   Betis,'quodhe,Betis,′quodhe,thyn habitacioun
  Beeris,'hesaid,Beeris,′hesaid,thy habitation
776   Be with a leon or a foul dragoun,
Be with a lion or a foul dragon,
777   Than with a womman usynge for to chyde.
Than with a woman accustomed to scold.
778   Bet is,' quod he, `hye in the roof abyde,
Better is,' he said, `to stay high in the roof,
779   Than with an angry wyf doun in the hous;
Than with an angry wife down in the house;
780   They been so wikked and contrarious,
They are so wicked and contrary,
781   They haten that hir housbondes loven ay.'
They always hate what their husbands love.'
782   He seyde, `A womman cast hir shame away,
He said, `A woman casts their shame away,
783   Whan she cast of hir smok'; and forthermo,
When she casts off her undergarment'; and furthermore,
784   `A fair womman, but she be chaast also,
`A fair woman, unless she is also chaste,
785   Is lyk a gold ryng in a sowes nose.'
Is like a gold ring in a sow's nose.'
786   Who wolde wene, or who wolde suppose,
Who would believe, or who would suppose,
787   The wo that in myn herte was, and pyne?
The woe that in my heart was, and pain?
788   And whan I saugh he wolde nevere fyne
And when I saw he would never cease
789   To reden on this cursed book al nyght,
Reading on this cursed book all night,
790   Al sodeynly thre leves have I plyght
All suddenly have I plucked three leaves
791   Out of his book, right as he radde, and eke
Out of his book, right as he read, and also
792   I with my fest so took hym on the cheke
I with my fist so hit him on the cheek
793   That in oure fyr he fil bakward adoun.
That in our fire he fell down backwards.
794   And he up stirte as dooth a wood leoun,
And he leaped up as does a furious lion,
795   And with his fest he smoot me on the heed
And with his fist he hit me on the head
796   That in the floor I lay as I were deed.
That on the floor I lay as if I were dead.
797   And whan he saugh how stille that I lay,
And when he saw how still I lay,
798   He was agast and wolde han fled his way,
He was frightened and would have fled on his way,
799   Til atte laste out of my swogh I breyde.
Until at the last out of my swoon I awoke.
800   `O! hastow slayn me, false theef?' I seyde,
`O! hast thou slain me, false thief?' I said,
801   `And for my land thus hastow mordred me?
`And for my land thus hast thou murdered me?
802   Er I be deed, yet wol I kisse thee.'
Before I am dead, yet will I kiss thee.'
803   And neer he cam, and kneled faire adoun,
And near he came, and kneeled gently down,
804   And seyde, `Deere suster Alisoun,
And said, `Dear sister Alisoun,
805   As help me God, I shal thee nevere smyte!
So help me God, I shall never (again) smite thee!
806   That I have doon, it is thyself to wyte.
What I have done, it is thyself to blame (you drove me to it).
807   Foryeve it me, and that I thee biseke!'
Forgive it me, and that I beseech thee!'
808   And yet eftsoones I hitte hym on the cheke,
And yet immediately I hit him on the cheek,
809   And seyde, `Theef, thus muchel am I wreke;
And said, `Thief, thus much am I avenged;
810   Now wol I dye, I may no lenger speke.'
Now will I die, I may no longer speak.'
811   But atte laste, with muchel care and wo,
But at the last, with much care and woe,
812   We fille acorded by us selven two.
We made an agreement between our two selves.
813   He yaf me al the bridel in myn hond,
He gave me all the control in my hand,
814   To han the governance of hous and lond,
To have the governance of house and land,
815   And of his tonge, and of his hond also;
And of his tongue, and of his hand also;
816   And made hym brenne his book anon right tho.
And made him burn his book immediately right then.

EARLY PRINTED BOOKS

Jeremy Adler and Ulrich Ernst, Ed. Text als Figur: Visuelle Poesie von der Antike bis zur Moderne (1987)

Robert Musil," Chapter 29 and Preface to the Posthumous Papers," The Man Without Qualities Vol 2

Why you should absolutely be for free speech. Srsly.

'Mighty Ira' Documentary Trailer

Ira Glasser, Free Speech and the ACLU

What is not read? The paratext; notes on the text (Genettic Criticism); missing chapters

What are the limits of the readable--Craig Dworkin, Reading the Illegible

Drafts; graphic design--when writing becomes art (the art book)

The invisible (ink)

What is a damaged book?

Assign I. A. Richards, How to Read a Page

What is a page?

AdlerVanDorenHowtoReadaBook.pdf

UsingBiographyEliotMyGodmantherebearsit.pdf

What is a Book?

Heresy of Paraphrase

Intentional Fallacy

But I Digress Parentheses

Jacques Derrida, "Living On" "unreadability" Illlsible

Aporia; the cross-roads (impasse) sous-rature (how it was printed in the English translation)

"This is your brain on drugs" PSA

Gérard Genette, Paratexts: Thresholds of Interpretation

PDF is here.

Table of Contents pdf of Introduction Here.

Book Art--Mallarme--blank spaces

Punctuation, Blake

Recommended:

Bibliothèque_de_la_Pléiade

la-pleiade.fr

Translation, metaphor

Gérard Genette: Seuils. Collection "Poétique". Ed. du Seuil. Paris, 1987. 389p.

JANE AUSTEN’S USE OF ‘WIT’: How Does Jane Austen Use the Word ‘wit’ in her Novels?

Author

Anonymous

Work Title

Adventures of a Quire of Paper [from the London Magazine]

Place of Publication

London

Date

August, September, and October, 1779

Text from British It-Narratives, 1750-1830, vol. 4, ed. Mark Blackwell (Pickering and Chatto, 2012).

The Mind is a Metaphor | Browse the Database

http://metaphors.iath.virginia.edu/metaphors

https://www.taylorfrancis.com/chapters/edit/10.4324/9781315228815-11/vide-supplementum-claire-bourne

Jacques Derrida, "Before the Law"

Before the Law

The Complete Text of Préjugés

2018

•

Author:

Jacques Derrida
Translated by Sandra van Reenen and Jacques de Ville

https://www.sas.upenn.edu/~cavitch/pdf-library/DeMan_Autobiography.pdf

William Wordsworth's Essays Upon Epitaphs; John Keats’ “On Sitting Down to Read King Lear Again”; Paul De Man's "Autobiography as Defacement" and “Excuses (Confessions)”

http://oldsite.english.ucsb.edu/faculty/ayliu/unlocked/wordsworth/essays-upon-epitaphs.html

https://www.gutenberg.org/files/16550/16550-h/16550-h.htm#II_UPON_EPITAPHS

Recommended:

Bibliothèque_de_la_Pléiade

la-pleiade.fr

Valery, Paul, The Art of Poetry (1938) poetry is like a melody; therefore, poetry cannot be translated

vs. Gerard Genette, Palimpsests (1987) on translation

Aspirational Reading

Poetry is difficult

Cleanth Brooks, "The Heresy of Paraphrase"

John Keats (Author), Susan Wolfson John Keats, A Longman Cultural Edition

Susan J. Wolfson, Chapter 6 "Still Romancing: The Eve of St. Agnes; a dream-sonnet; Labelle dame" Reading John Keats, Princeton University, New Jersey, pp. 72-86

"Old romance"

The Red Crosse Knight's dream of Una in Book I of Spenser's The Faerie Queene

He making speedy way through spersed ayre,
And through the world of waters wide and deepe,
To Morpheus house doth hastily repaire.
Amid the bowels of the earth full steepe,
And low, where dawning day doth neuer peepe,
His dwelling is; there Tethys his wet bed
Doth euer wash, and Cynthia still doth steepe
In siluer deaw his euer-drouping hed,
Whiles sad Night ouer him her ma[n]tle black doth spred

Whose double gates he findeth locked fast,
The one faire fram'd of burnisht Yuory,
The other all with siluer ouercast;
And wakefull dogges before them farre do lye,
Watching to banish Care their enimy,
Who oft is wont to trouble gentle Sleepe.
By them the Sprite doth passe in quietly,
And vnto Morpheus comes, whom drowned deepe
In drowsie fit he findes: of nothing he takes keepe.

And more, to lulle him in his slumber soft,
A trickling streame from high rocke tumbling downe
And euer-drizling raine vpon the loft,
Mixt with a murmuring winde, much like the sowne
Of swarming Bees, did cast him in a swowne:
No other noyse, nor peoples troublous cryes,
As still are wont t'annoy the walled towne,
Might there be heard: but carelesse Quiet lyes,
Wrapt in eternall silence farre from enemyes.

The messenger approching to him spake,
But his wast wordes returnd to him in vaine:
So sound he slept, that nought mought him awake.
Then rudely he him thrust, and pusht with paine,
Whereat he gan to stretch: but he againe
Shooke him so hard, that forced him to speake.
As one then in a dreame, whose dryer braine
Is tost with troubled sights and fancies weake,
He mumbled soft, but would not all his silence breake.

The Sprite then gan more boldly him to wake,
And threatned vnto him the dreaded name
Of Hecate: whereat he gan to quake,
And lifting vp his lompish head, with blame
Halfe angry asked him, for what he came.
Hither (quoth he) me Archimago sent,
He that the stubborne Sprites can wisely tame,
He bids thee to him send for his intent
A fit false dreame, that can delude the sleepers sent.

The God obayde, and calling forth straight way
A diuerse dreame out of his prison darke,
Deliuered it to him, and downe did lay
His heauie head, deuoide of carefull carke,
Whose sences all were straight benumbd and starke.
He backe returning by the Yuorie dore,
Remounted vp as light as chearefull Larke,
And on his litle winges the dreame he bore
In hast vnto his Lord, where he him left afore.

Who all this while with charmes and hidden artes,
Had made a Lady of that other Spright,
And fram'd of liquid ayre her tender partes
So liuely, and so like in all mens sight,
That weaker sence it could haue rauisht quight:
The maker selfe for all his wondrous witt,
Was nigh beguiled with so goodly sight:
Her all in white he clad, and ouer it
Cast a blacke stole, most like to seeme for Vna fit.

Now when that ydle dreame was to him brought,
Vnto that Elfin knight he bad him fly,
Where he slept soundly void of euill thought,
And with false shewes abuse his fantasy,
In sort as he him schooled priuily:
And that new creature borne without her dew,
Full of the makers guile, with vsage sly
He taught to imitate that Lady trew,
Whose semblance she did carrie vnder feigned hew.

Thus well instructed, to their worke they hast,
And comming where the knight in slomber lay,
The one vpon his hardy head him plast,
And made him dreame of loues and lustfull play,
That nigh his manly hart did melt away,
Bathed in wanton blis and wicked ioy:
Then seemed him his Lady by him lay,
And to him playnd, how that false winged boy,
Her chast hart had subdewd, to learne Dame pleasures toy.

And she her selfe of beautie soueraigne Queene,
Faire Venus seemde vnto his bed to bring
Her, whom he waking euermore did weene,
To be the chastest flowre, that ay did spring
On earthly braunch, the daughter of a king,
Now a loose Leman to vile seruice bound:
And eke the Graces seemed all to sing,
Hymen iO Hymen, dauncing all around,
Whilst freshest Flora her with Yuie girlond crownd.

In this great passion of vnwonted lust,
Or wonted feare of doing ought amis,
He started vp, as seeming to mistrust,
Some secret ill, or hidden foe of his:
Lo there before his face his Lady is,
Vnder blake stole hyding her bayted hooke,
And as halfe blushing offred him to kis,
With gentle blandishment and louely looke,
Most like that virgin true, which for her knight him took.

All cleane dismayd to see so vncouth sight,
And halfe enraged at her shamelesse guise,
He thought haue slaine her in his fierce despight:
But hasty heat tempring with sufferance wise,
He stayde his hand, and gan himselfe aduise
To proue his sense, and tempt her faigned truth.
Wringing her hands in wemens pitteous wise,
Tho can she weepe, to stirre vp gentle ruth,
Both for her noble bloud, and for her tender youth.

The Turn of the Screw (1999) Timestamp 39:00 Flora sticking a mast in a toy boat

Maurice Blanchot, "The Turn of the Screw," in The Book to Come, pp. 126-33.

Susan Crowl, "Aesthetic Allegory in The Turn of the Screw," Novel: A Forum on Fiction 4 (1971): 107-122.

Christine Brooke-Rose, The Rhetoric of the Unreal: Studies in Narrative and Structure, Especially of the Fantastic (1982) pt. 3. The pure fantastic: types of analysis: The encoded reader --
The Turn of the Screw and its critics: an essay in non-methodology --
The Turn of the Screw: mirror structures as basic structures --
The surface structures in The Turn of the Screw --

John Carlos Rowe, "Pyschoanalytical Significance: the Use and Abuse of Uncertainty in The Turn of the Screw," in The Theoretical Dimensions of Henry James (Univ. of Wisconsin, 1984): 120-46.

Darrel Mansell, "The Ghost of Language in The Turn of the Screw," Modern Language Quarterly: A Journal of Literary History 46.1 (1985): 48-63.

Charles Dickens’ “To Be Read at Dusk”

Booth, Sonnets

Booth on unmade puns. Passage contains all the raw materials for a pun on “suit” in TN but Shakespeare does not make the pun.
Precious Nonsense, pp. 192-95

Prayer and Power: George Herbert and Renaissance Courtship (Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1991). The last two chapters are on "Love (III)"

Bodies and Selves in Early Modern England: Physiology and Inwardness in Spenser, Shakespeare, Herbert, and Milton (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1999). Chapter on Herbert is largely about eating and self-regulation.

“Herbert and Pleasure,” George Herbert Journal, Vol. 38, nos. 1 and 2 (2014/15): 145-57. I tried to come to terms with Herbert's unexpected valuation of modulated pleasure.

Emma Packs ed. WHAT DOES MR. MARTIN BUY?
p. 58 n 13 reading made easy Leah Price Anthology and rise of the novel quotable sound bites.

“George Herbert’s Divine Comedy: Humor in The Temple,” in Divisions on a Ground: Essays in Honor of Donald Friedman, co-edited with Kimberly Johnson and Richard Strier (a special issue of the George Herbert Journal, vol. 29, nos. 1 and 2 Spring 2006; published May 2008), pp. 45-66. In a special issue I co-edited in honor of Friedman, trying to come to terms

Conceptual Poetry

REQUIRED READING:

De Man Zein und Zeit in
Lindsay Waters, ed. Critical Writings
De Man dead of formalist criticism—from I.A. Richards—Empson begins with Shakespeare sonnet and ends with the sacrifice—see preface to third edition. Eight chapters with descriptions, names of authors
Examples

https://s.wsj.net/public/resources/documents/stanfordlanguage.pdf

Amândio Reis, « Collecting Henry James: From Ghost Stories to Ghost Texts », Journal of the Short Story in English, 71 | 2018, 57-75.

Henry James (Author), Colm Tóibín (Preface), Richard P. Blackmur (Introduction) The Art of the Novel: Critical Prefaces 2011

Todorov, Tzvetan. “Le secret du récit: Henry James.” Poétique de la Prose suivi de Nouvelles recherches sur le récit. 1971. Paris: Seuil, 1978. pp. 81-116.

Lustif, T. J. Henry James and the Ghostly. 1994. Cambridge: Cambridge UP, 2010.

Frank Leslie's New York Journal "Temptation" Jan-June 1855

Leon Edel, Adeline R. Tintner, The Private Life of Peter Quin[t]: Origins of "The Turn of the Screw"
The Henry James Review, Volume 7, Number 1, Fall 1985, pp. 2-4

Audet, René. “To Relate, to Read, to Separate: A Poetics of the Collection and A Poetics of Diffraction.” Interférences littéraires/Literaire interferenties 12, “Cycles, Recueils, Macrotexts: The Short Story Collection in Theory and Practice,” eds. Elke d’hoker and Bart Van den Bossche (February 2014): 35-45. Print.

Briggs, Julia. “A Sense of the Past: Henry James and Vernon Lee.” Night Visitors: The Rise and Fall of the English Ghost Story. London: Faber and Faber, 1977. 111-23. Print.

Cook, Michael. “‘That Forbidding Moor’: The Hound of the Baskervilles, a Ghost Story?” Detective Fiction and the Ghost Story: The Haunted Text. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2014. 70-88. Print.

Despotopoulou, Anna, and Kimberly C. Reed. “Introduction: ‘I see ghosts everywhere.” Henry James and the Supernatural. Eds. Anna Despotopoulou and Kimberly C. Reed. New York: Palgrave Macmillan, 2011. 1-10.

Valery, Paul, The Art of Poetry (1938) poetry is like a melody; therefore, poetry cannot be translated

vs. Gerard Genette, Palimpsests (1987) on translation

Aspirational Reading

Poetry is difficult

Cleanth Brooks, "The Heresy of Paraphrase"

John Keats (Author), Susan Wolfson John Keats, A Longman Cultural Edition

A Greeting of the Spirit

Selected Poetry of John Keats with Commentaries

Susan J. Wolfson

John Keats, La Belle Dame Sans Merci (also "Mercy" in a second version) read by Ben Whishaw

Susan J. Wolfson, Chapter 6 "Still Romancing: The Eve of St. Agnes; a dream-sonnet; Labelle dame" Reading John Keats, Princeton University, New Jersey, pp. 72-86

"Old romance"

The Red Crosse Knight's dream of Una in Book I of Spenser's The Faerie Queene

Thomas Caryle's servant mistook the mansucript of Thomas Carlyle's History of the French Revolution and burned it as kindling. Henry James, The Aspern Papers, Martin Luther burning the Papal Bull of Ex-Communication

Arthur A. Brown, "Death and Telling in Poe's 'The Imp of the Perverse'." Studies in Short Fiction, vol. 31, no. 2, spring 1994, pp. 197+.

D. F. McKenzie, "The Book as Expressive Form," Bibliography and the Sociology of Texts

Nox philologiae : Aulus Gellius and the fantasy of the Roman library

THE PALE BLUE EYE (2022)

Arno Schmidt, Zettels Traum (1970) and Die Schule der Atheisten (1972)

Tatyana Tolstaya, "The Square," New Yorker, June 12, 2015

Sherlock "A Study in Pink" episode (season 1, episode 1) 2010

The incomplete letters spelling a that begins with "Rach" turns out to mean the German word "Rache," not the proper name "Rachel."

;

Predatory Reading vs. Literary Criticism

REQUIRED VIEWING:

David Foenkinos, The Mystery of Henri Pick

The Mystery of Henri Pick (dir. Rémi Bezançon, 2018)

THE MYSTERY OF HENRI PICK - Trailer

Recommended (a French TV or the kind represented in the film).

Découvrez la bibliothèque idéale: L'importance de la lecture dans la compréhension Feb 9, 2018

Carlo Ginzburg and Anna Davin, "Morelli, Freud, and Sherlock Holmes: Clues and Scientific Method," History Workshop, No. 9 (Spring, 1980), pp. 5-36

How to Read a Book 1940 edition

How to Read a Book 1966 edition

How To Read A Book 1972 Edition

FELMAN, Shoshana. « On Reading Poetry : Reflections on the Limits and Possibilities of Psychoanalytical Approaches » in The Purloined Poe. John, P. Muller (ed.), William, J. Richardson (ed.) 1988.

Nick Thurston and The Remove of Literature Blanchot The Space of Literature

Sigmund Freud, Delusion and Dream An Interpretation in the Light of Psychoanalysis of Gradiva, Part I

Gabriele Mackert, Jacques Rançiere, et al, Un Coup de Des: Writing Turned Image, an Alphabet of Pensive Language (2009)

Peter Stallybrass on random access reading and cross-referencing textual apparatus

The last 5 minutes of Abbado's Mahler 9th at 2009 Lucerne Festival

Mahler - Symphony No. 9 - Abbado - Lucerne Festival Orchestra 2010

Gustav Mahler Symphony No 7 E minor, "Song of the Night" Abbado, Lucerne Festival Orchestra, 2005

This course will examine the difference between paraphrasing a text and reading it closely, beginning with the New Critics, focusing primarily on William Empson, and ending with the notion, posed by Jacques Derrida and Paul de Man, that reading closely means arriving at an impasse, at “unreadability,” and hence closure. We will also read Stephen Booth’s celebrated Yale edition of Shakespeare’s Sonnets, a masterpiece of close readings (without reading) that productively frustrates any reader’s attempts to make use of it. We will read not only what is in the text but what isn't. How do you read chapters that are declared missing by the author? How do you read a poem that calls forth a pun the poem does not make? Three short papers. Co-leading class discussion twice during the semester. Readings will include canonical literature as well as canonical works of literary criticism and literary theory. Discussion questions on the films or readings due the day before each class. Weekly quizzes.

Ezra Pound, ABC of Reading

T.S. Eliot, "The Wasteland"

Reader Response: Stanley Fish: Is there a book in this class? Is there a book in book history (now that the History of the Book)?

Garber, Marjorie B., The Use and Abuse of Literature (2011)

John Guillory, Professing Literature (2023)

Is all reading a version of what Pierre Bayard calls "non-reading?" In addition to the works mentioned above, selected readings will include chapters from Gerard Genette’s Paratexts; Michel Foucault’s “Lives of Infamous Men”; Bill Sherman’s Used Books; Will Hogan’s The Thing The Book; Nicholas Nace’s Catch-words; Markus; Mary Franklin-Brown’s Reading the World; Susan Howe's Concordance; Anna-Sophie Springer and Etienne Turpin’s Fantasies of the Library; Henry James, The Aspern Papers; Pierre Bayard, How to Talk About Books You Haven't Read;

See Cleanth Brooks, "The Heresy of Paraphrase," in The Well-Wrought Urn.

Do not ask about the author or the historical context. Do not ask speculative questions. They cannot be answered and so are not productive for discussion. Do not ask what the work tells us about some general issue today. Ask about what the work says.

Abridge the description below: Cut it down from 468 words to less than forty words:

Herman Melville, Chapter 42 "The Whiteness of the Whale," in Moby Dick.

Though in many natural objects, whiteness refiningly enhances beauty, as if imparting some special virtue of its own, as in marbles, japonicas, and pearls; and though various nations have in some way recognised a certain royal preeminence in this hue; even the barbaric, grand old kings of Pegu placing the title “Lord of the White Elephants” above all their other magniloquent ascriptions of dominion; and the modern kings of Siam unfurling the same snow-white quadruped in the royal standard; and the Hanoverian flag bearing the one figure of a snow-white charger; and the great Austrian Empire, Caesarian, heir to overlording Rome, having for the imperial color the same imperial hue; and though this pre-eminence in it applies to the human race itself, giving the white man ideal mastership over every dusky tribe; and though, besides, all this, whiteness has been even made significant of gladness, for among the Romans a white stone marked a joyful day; and though in other mortal sympathies and symbolizings, this same hue is made the emblem of many touching, noble things- the innocence of brides, the benignity of age; though among the Red Men of America the giving of the white belt of wampum was the deepest pledge of honor; though in many climes, whiteness typifies the majesty of Justice in the ermine of the Judge, and contributes to the daily state of kings and queens drawn by milk-white steeds; though even in the higher mysteries of the most august religions it has been made the symbol of the divine spotlessness and power; by the Persian fire worshippers, the white forked flame being held the holiest on the altar; and in the Greek mythologies, Great Jove himself being made incarnate in a snow-white bull; and though to the noble Iroquois, the midwinter sacrifice of the sacred White Dog was by far the holiest festival of their theology, that spotless, faithful creature being held the purest envoy they could send to the Great Spirit with the annual tidings of their own fidelity; and though directly from the Latin word for white, all Christian priests derive the name of one part of their sacred vesture, the alb or tunic, worn beneath the cassock; and though among the holy pomps of the Romish faith, white is specially employed in the celebration of the Passion of our Lord; though in the Vision of St. John, white robes are given to the redeemed, and the four-and-twenty elders stand clothed in white before the great-white throne, and the Holy One that sitteth there white like wool; yet for all these accumulated associations, with whatever is sweet, and honorable, and sublime, there yet lurks an elusive something in the innermost idea of this hue, which strikes more of panic to the soul than that redness which affrights in blood.

To deal with the horrific events in some of the literature we will read, we will think about trauma in two ways, first as unspeakable and second as a story. Literature can be thought of as a therapeutic resource you can turn to again and again but not as a solution. Literature just raises questions, the best questions being the ones no one ever thought to ask. Literature doesn't make you a better person. It is not a catechism, a program, a credo, dogma.

Aesthetic value. What is it? Pleasure of the text

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE, "Constancy to an Ideal Object"

SAMUEL TAYLOR COLERIDGE , "Christabel"

La Pléiade: du courant littéraire à la prestigieuse bibliothèque

Robert Darnton, "What Is the History of Books?," Daedalus Vol. 111, No. 3, Representations and Realities (Summer, 1982), pp. 65-83

Robert Darnton, The Case for Books: Past, Present, and Future (2009)

Robert Darnton, "In Defense of the New York Public Library," June 7, 2102

"Like Ulysses, the Wake has chapters that are marked off by page breaks and white space but that have no names or numbers. Critics have supplied numbers and names to make it easier to talk about the units. There are four large divisions, numbered I, II, III, and IV. Part I has eight chapters and Parts II and III each have four. Part IV has only one fairly short chapter. Thus, in its large division into parts, the book follows the 3 + 1 structure from Vico, and each of Books I-III also follows the structure, with I having two cycles and II and III one each."

Keith Richards: "There's Two Sides to Every Story" (Part 1)

Keith Richards: "There's Two Sides to Every Story" (Part 2)

Craig Dworkin, Reading the Illegible (2003) PN1031 .D97 2003

Peter Szendy, À coups de points : La ponctuation comme expérience. Paris: Les Éditions de

Minuit, 2014. (book review in French)

Louis Luethi, On the Self-Reflexive Page. Roma Publications (2010) PR851 .B355 2003

Garrett Stewart, Bookwork: Medium to Object to Concept to Art (2011)

Zoe Eckman, "Visual Textuality in Tristram Shandy, Print Technologies, and the Future of the Novel," The Shandean 24 (2013)

Christopher Fanning, "Sterne's Page"

Calhoun, "The Word Made Flax"

"Hiccups"

The 5 Best Punctuation Marks in Literature

Theodor W. Adorno, "Puncutation Marks"

Edgar Allen Poe, "X-ing a Paragrab"

See Cleanth Brooks, "The Heresy of Paraphrase," in The Well-Wrought Urn.

"Let us pause for a moment at this journey, planned for such remarkably uncogent reasons, and take a closer look at our hero's personality and behaviour."

I designed this course myself and am looking forward to teaching it this semester. If you have a question or a problem, please contact me in class or at [email protected]. (I am the manager.)

Email all work for the course to me at [email protected]

No cell phones, ipads, or laptops in use during class.

We are living in exceptionally stupid times.

I don't do trigger warnings. They don't work. They are based on evil and stupid assumptions about human psychology. See Pavlov's dog and B.F. Skinner's box.

You have been warned. :-)

Guy J. Williams, "Harkness Learning: Principles of a Radical American Pedagogy"

Harkness table

"What we must not forget, however, is that it is in the completion of the text by the reader that these adjustments are made; and each reader will make them differently. Plurality is here not a prescription but a fact. There is so much that is blurred and tentative, incapable of decisive explanation; however we set about our reading, with a sociological or a pneumatological, a cultural or a narrative code uppermost in our minds, we must fall into division and discrepancy; the doors of communication are sometimes locked, sometimes open, and Heathcliff may be astride the threshold, opening, closing, breaking. And it is surely evident that the possibilities of interpretation increase as time goes on. The constraints of a period culture dissolve, generic presumptions which concealed gaps disappear, and we now see that the book, as James thought novels should, truly "glories in a gap," a hermeneutic gap in which the reader's imagination must operate, so that he speaks continuously in the text.

Barthes denies the charge that on his view of the reading process one can say absolutely anything one likes about the work in question; but he is actually much less interested in defining contraints that in asserting liberties.

When we see that the writer speaks more than he knows what we mean is that the text is under the absolute control of no thinking subject, or that it is not a message from one mind to another."

--Frank Kermode, "A Modern Way with the Classic"
New Literary History Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1974), pp. 415-434; pp. 425; 432; 433

The reason literature, film, and philosophy are so great, so deeply admired yet often controversial, even despised, is that writers are free to say anything they wish they way they want to say it, filmakers get to show images of anything they wish the way they want to show them, and philosophers can ask philosophical questions about anything they wish whenever they want. It's called FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION. As anyone who understands anything about language knows, intention and context do matter. I find attempts to get people fired from their jobs because of something they said repellent and unseemly.

Edgar Allen Poe, "The Purloined Letter"

January 13

REQUIRED READING:

January 18

REQUIRED READING:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire

Focus your DQs on the way Nabokov creates a fctional critical edition of a fictional manuscripts the editor will not publish; with a made up line-by-line critical commentary as well as an index by a fictional academic editor.

Required Reading:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, pp. 11-190

Required Reading:

Vladimir Nabokov, Pale Fire, 190-315.

Recommended Readings:

Pale Fire: A Poem in Four Cantos by John Shade 2011

Dmitri Nabokov, Original of Laura

Yuri Leving, ed. Shades of Laura: Vladimir Nabokov's Last Novel, The Original of Laura Oct 28, 2013

January 20

REQUIRED READING:

To sign up to co-lead class, go to this google doc. Do not co-lead with the same person twice and co-lead at least four weeks after the first time you co-lead.

Once you have a partner to co-lead class discussion, create a google doc for your notes and share it with me by 5:00 p.m. the day before you are co-leading so I can add my thoughts. Make sure you allow me to edit the document.

January 25

REQUIRED READINGS:

January 27

REQUIRED VIEWING:

February 1

February 3

REQUIRED

February 8

Turn of the Screw

DUE by noon Friday February 11: write me an email at [email protected] with this sentence filled in: "I want to write about . . . . . [describe your topic] in . . . . . . [give the title of text or film] focusing on . . . . ." [what part exactly do you plan to close read?]. Again, email me your sentence by noon Friday February 11. You are free to choose to write about anything in the assigned readings and films that we have not already discussed in class. You may of course change your topic after you begin writing. But the end of Friday afternoon, I will email you back and greenlight your planned paper topic or not. If I do not greenlight it, I suggest you email me. I will then email you back explain to you what the problem is. And we can keep corresponding until I do greenlight your paper topic.

February 10

REQUIRED READING:

FIRST PAPER DUE February 12 by 11:50 p.m.

February 15

February 17

REQUIRED :

February 22 Tequila Sunset

REQUIRED READING:

February 24

REQUIRED VIEWING:

March 1

REQUIRED READING:

March 3

REQUIRED READING:

March 8

SPRING BREAK / SPRING BREAK

March 10

SPRING BREAK / SPRING BREAK\

March 15

March 17

REQUIRED READING:

March 22

REQUIRED READING

March 24

REQUIRED READING:

March 29:

REQUIRED READING:

March 31

REQUIRED READING:

APRIL 2:

SECOND PAPER DUE by 11:59 p.m. READ THROUGH THIS WEBPAGE. READ ALL OF IT. CLOSELY. VERY CLOSELY. PLEASE NOTE: Now that you have learned from your mistakes in our discussion of your first paper, and now that you have practiced writing twice a week through your DQs, I fully expect you to be able to make an argument in your essay, write grammatical sentences, use words properly, and punctuate properly. Papers that have ungrammatical sentences, mispunctuate, or misuse words will get "D" grades. Be sure to give yourself time to revise and to proofread your paper carefully before you send it to me at [email protected]. I recommend reading your work aloud. It's a good way to see what you need to revise. You can also get help at the Writing Program. See also the Plain Style: A Guide to Written English. READ THROUGH THIS WEBPAGE. READ ALL OF IT. CLOSELY. VERY CLOSELY.

April 5

REQUIRED VIEWING:

April 7

April 12

REQUIRED VIEWING:

April 14

REQUIRED VIEWING:

THIRD PAPER DUE April 16 by 11:59 p.m.

April 19

Class Discussion

I designed this course myself and am looking forward to teaching it this semester. If you have a question or a problem, please contact me in class or at [email protected]. (I am the manager.)

Email all work for the course to me at [email protected]

Guy J. Williams, "Harkness Learning: Principles of a Radical American Pedagogy"

Harkness table

Jacques Derrida "sous rature" in Of Grammatology

Percy Lubbock, The Craft of Fiction

Sherlock "A Study in Pink" episode (season 1, episode 1) 2010

The incomplete letters spelling a that begins with "Rach" turns out to mean the German word "Rache," not the proper name "Rachel."

End with Pierre Bayard--not reading--is he really serious? Logical consequences of his own argument seem self-negating, worthless.

Also begin and end with Black square, blacked out writing, and redacted book gitmo

Email all work for the course to me at [email protected]

Gill Partington and Adam Smyth, ed. Book Destruction from the Medieval to the Contemporary (Palgrave, 2014)

Roger E. Stoddard, Marks in Books (Cambridge, MA: Houghton Library, Harvard University, 1985)

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE (Please expect minor adjustments to be made in the schedule from time to time; all changes will be announced both in class and on the class listserv.)

How Guantánamo Diary Escaped the Black Hole

Keith Houston, Shady Characters: The Secret Life of Punctuation, Symbols, and Other Typographical Marks

Jennifer DeVere Brody, Punctuation: Art, Politics, and Play

Nicholas A. Basbanes, On Paper: The Everything of Its Two-Thousand-Year History

Ian Sansom, Paper: An Elegy

Carlo Ginzburg, No Island Is an Island: Four Glances at English Literature in a World Perspective. Introduction translated by John Tedeschi. New York: Columbia University Press, 2000. PR99 .G516 2000

W.G. Sebald, A Place in the Country

Robert Walser, The Microscripts

Pencil Sketches / When Does Writing Become Drawing?

YFS Boundaries: Writing and Drawing Number 18 1994

Jacques Derrida, Memoirs of the Blind

Jean-Luc Nancy, The Pleasure in Drawing

The Handwriting on the Wall: Authors’ Notes as Art

When we see that the writer speaks more than he knows what we mean is that the text is under the absolute control of no thinking subject, or that it is not a message from one mind to another."

--Frank Kermode, "A Modern Way with the Classic"
New Literary History Vol. 5, No. 3 (Spring, 1974), pp. 415-434; pp. 425; 432; 433

The reason literature, film, and philosophy are so great, so deeply admired yet often controversial, even despised, is that writers are free to say anything they wish they way they want to say it, fillmakers get to show images of anything they wish, they way they want to show them, and philosophers can ask philosophical questions about anything they wish whenever they want. It's called FREEDOM OF EXPRESSION. As anyone who understands anything about language knows, intention and context do matter. I find attempts to get people fired from their jobs because of something they said repellent and unseemly.

TENTATIVE SCHEDULE (Please expect adjustments to be made in the schedule from time to time; all changes will be announced both in class and on the class email listserv.)

In order to include all students in class discussion, and in order to make it easier for you to read closely and thereby improve your own writing, We will close read, read slowly the assigned text sentence by sentence or the assigned film shot by shot. Discussion co-leaders and I will call on a student at random and ask that student to read a specific sentence out loud and then to close read it. If the student is unable to read the sentence closely, the co-leaders will call on another student and ask that student to read a specific sentence out loud and then to close read it. We will continue to discuss the same sentence until a student reads it closely. We will then proceed in the same fashion with the next sentence. And so on. Due to time constraints and because close reading is slow reading, we will skip parts of the assigned text, but we will always be talking and only be talking about words, syntax, punctuation, paragraphing, and narration in the text. As we move through the text, we will be able to make more general comments about parts of it. If students have comments to add on the sentence under discussion, they may raise their hands and make them once they have been called on by the co-leaders or me.

In order to learn the names of all the students in the class, I will take roll on canvas at the beginning of class. As I state on the requirements webpage, if you are late to class, I consider you absent. If you are absent more than twice, your final grade may suffer. If you are absent four times, you fail the class.

Here is what I have written on the requirements webpage:

Repetition is key to learning.

To learn how to understand a piece of music, a philosopher said, you have to hear it twice.

A conductor of baroque music said you have to listen to repeated hearings before you understand it.

"How full of meaning and significance the language of music is we see from the repetition of signs, as well as from the Da capowhich would be intolerable in the case of works composed in the language of words. In music, however, they are very appropriate and beneficial; for to comprehend it fully, we must hear it twice."

--Arthur Schopenhauer, "On the Metaphysics of Music"

Vienna and Schubert: 'Death and the Maiden' String Quartet - Professor Chris Hogwood CBE

"The greatest pieces of music are called classics simply because at a first hearing--that is terribly...very complicated to work out what's going on or even more complicated to explain to yourself why it's going on--even to hear it has to be heard several times. Probably after first hearing, immediately go back and hear it again, and on repeated hearings repeated things come to light."

--Christopher Hogwood

Marcel Proust on not understanding a piece of classical music the first time or even the tenth.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mTziL0Xwa-s

timestamp 29:00

--Barbara Johnson quoting Roland Barthes on rereading versus reading.

Nothing below is required for this course: